Lightning Network

Vir: LBankČas: 2024-09-17 01:01:29

Picture a bustling metropolis where households constantly transfer funds for daily necessities; if each transaction necessitated a trip to the bank for confirmation, chaos would ensue. The blockchain realm, particularly the Bitcoin network, grapples with similar quandaries as user growth strains its capacity, leading to sluggish transactions and escalating fees. Enter the "Lightning Network," an ingenious solution that parallels the development of a swift underground pipeline system in the city, allowing for instant small-scale transactions without clogging the main thoroughfare—the Bitcoin blockchain.

What is the Lightning Network?

True to its name, the Lightning Network aims for lightning-fast transactions. It's a second-layer payment protocol overlaid on cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin. Instead of processing every single transaction directly on the main chain, it facilitates near-instantaneous and low-cost transactions through the creation of a "micro-payment channel" jointly managed by two parties.

Why Do We Need the Lightning Network?

Envision borrowing a few dollars from your neighbor for coffee daily. Traditional bank transfers for each instance would be time-consuming and costly. The Lightning Network was conceived to address this. It enables you and your neighbor to open a "channel," a private conduit preloaded with a set amount of Bitcoins. Thereafter,不论是 lending or repaying in small amounts occurs within this channel, bypassing the need for blockchain-wide notifications, ensuring blazing speed and negligible costs.

How the Lightning Network Works

1. Channel Establishment: Both parties initiate a transaction on the blockchain, allocating a fixed amount of cryptocurrency into the channel, which is recorded on the blockchain.


2. Instant Transactions: Once the channel is active, seamless transactions occur within this private conduit, unhindered by blockchain confirmation times or additional fees. Each transfer merely requires updating individual balance sheets, sans blockchain confirmation wait.


3. Channel Closure: Upon concluding transactions, both parties consent to close the channel, submitting the final balance sheet to the blockchain for settlement, ensuring secure fund transfers.

Advantages of the Lightning Network

- Speed: Transactions are virtually immediate as they occur within the channel, eliminating the wait for multiple block confirmations.


- Cost: Fees for minor transactions plummet, often to zero, since most transactions bypass the blockchain.


- Scalability: The Lightning Network theoretically supports unlimited transactions by shifting the burden from the main chain to the secondary network.

Illustrative Example

If you're a regular at a café, you and the proprietor can establish a Lightning Network channel, pre-funding it with Bitcoin. Your daily coffee purchase then deducts instantly from this channel, sidestepping blockchain transaction fees and delays. Only when closing the channel does the net balance change get recorded on the Bitcoin blockchain.

Conclusion

The Lightning Network stands as a monumental innovation in blockchain technology, tackling Bitcoin's congestion and high transaction costs while paving the way for broader cryptocurrency adoption. Through its ingeniously designed framework, we edge closer to a future of rapid, convenient, and affordable digital currency transactions. As technology matures, expect the Lightning Network to underpin everything from micropayments to online shopping and cross-border remittances, acting as an invisible bridge to seamless financial interactions.

 

SpotPrihodnje
USDTUSDCLTsBTCETHSTABLECOINS
PariCenaMenjava
96250.20
-0.90%
2766.96
3.16%
669.6
-1.51%
180.50
-4.40%
0.00298
-1.97%
0.9998
0.00%
2.6780
-2.85%
3.784
-0.16%
3.2572
-1.27%
0.4991
4.74%
4.904
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17.29
-8.86%
1.2919
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0.001729
13.30%
0.001161
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0.000001544
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0.01035
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0.04807
220.47%
0.00794
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0.0820
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0.4583
31.32%
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0.02933
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0.4049
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0.001046
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0.0006435
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1.7909
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0.0097
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0.02836
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0.3172
7.05%
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0.0003253
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0.709
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11.2478
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57.7087
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0.001676
27.94%
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0.02365
-38.01%
0.0006455
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6.820
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20.27%
1.895
13.41%
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0.49%
0.09241
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7.89%
6.0299
6.87%
0.01371
35.07%
0.001256
47.42%
1244.5762
0.42%
0.20882
0.00%
158.41261
-6.75%
14245351.2123700
-1.97%
54383.15033
3.70%
43.03674
5.06%
3042.0000
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-2.53%
0.002573
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1793.32743
3.09%
6464.90752
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0.26005
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26.9535
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0.0181
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0.00000000053
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0.09574
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0.000009
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2.05817
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0.8909
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5.26
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0.5430
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18.1277
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8.1888
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0.03232
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0.230880
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114.1033
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0.1222
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92.9963
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0.7030
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0.00731
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0.05950
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1006.50183
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18.50
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88.993
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0.21543
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0.001050
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0.6178
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268.33
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0.10282
14.61%
0.0612
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0.09239
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463.0000
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0.1018
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0.003714
1.92%
0.000000001665
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3.300
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0.000178
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0.00639
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6.0331
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0.002778
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0.073386
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0.5033
11.52%
0.000003269
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0.016000
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19.39
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365.5
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0.1038
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0.10526
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0.0023756
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0.02788
20.07%
0.000009955
0.31%
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27.16%
0.00009716
3.01%
0.03748
1.02%
0.37042
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4.5617
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0.002867
1.96%
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0.6963
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0.02270
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0.00004119
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0.009007
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0.000000001679
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0.00000019760
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5.6014
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0.003356
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0.0817
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261.500
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0.0001298
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0.3857
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0.042790
47.55%
0.018672
7.53%
0.0000193
0.52%
0.1090
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0.8176
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0.769
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25.37
1.36%
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0.9137
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0.8837
-6.03%
0.0005525
0.13%
0.007531
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0.00628
4.67%
0.19957
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3.148
3.79%
2.1111
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0.12368
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1.444
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0.000002504
14.13%
13.2831
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0.01595
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0.00017914
0.32%
0.04896
0.02%
0.00291
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27.57
4.95%
0.00296
6.09%
0.4647
3.43%
0.0000636
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0.01660
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10.1982
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0.000000000618
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6.4083
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0.0002164
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0.008850
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0.034911
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0.00000087
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0.0073
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0.000638
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0.1450
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0.006929
0.84%
0.3216
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0.000684
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0.020259
0.79%
0.00006221
0.76%
9.31
0.54%
1.0156
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0.000315
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1.8659
1.33%
0.04384
0.44%
0.021875
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0.00201
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0.00003245
0.00%
0.6878
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0.002259
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0.00011730
-9.55%
0.002289
-2.60%
0.06250
0.48%
7.2705
-1.71%
97.1
2.21%
0.00001135
-10.49%
0.12521
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0.0002362
10.22%
0.11052
-5.54%
0.00065
-22.62%
0.0000000069
0.00%
0.000900
-8.72%
34.1744
0.56%
0.6926
-7.00%
92.4999
0.08%
0.000423
-6.62%
0.6182
-1.58%
1.1144
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4.9045
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0.0129
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0.012323
-7.25%
4.426
-1.60%
0.4846
1.51%
3.0001
0.00%
0.07887
5.40%
1.350
-1.32%
0.051733
11.98%
0.00000184
-3.66%
0.34860
-26.57%
0.3374
-2.17%
0.19655
-23.33%
0.013051
-0.80%
0.0000261
-10.31%
0.000120
10.09%
0.4249
1.92%
0.00007629
0.00%
6.02
3.08%
0.0970
-17.52%
0.00074
-2.63%
0.002399
-0.04%
1.02725
8.43%
0.3629
-8.91%
0.4000
-0.62%
0.04915
-12.34%
1.1719
-7.15%
0.02028
-29.14%
3.459
1.41%
12.31
1.40%
0.00123
-15.17%
1.5993
-0.03%
0.04606
-14.85%
0.0090
-5.26%
0.004039
-10.26%
0.00007977
41.19%
0.0014
0.00%
0.007620
3.03%
0.00009155
-38.32%
0.917
2.12%
0.1943
-0.87%
0.00140
-7.28%
0.00000000004598
0.94%
16.261
20.80%
0.00000002471
-14.65%
0.02256
0.27%
2911
0.41%
0.001222
41.44%
0.5341
-0.72%
0.018501
-9.09%
0.00001679
-3.51%
0.4425
0.45%
0.0556
-18.71%
0.001010
1.81%
1.869
3.09%
1.202
7.80%
0.0108428
1.81%
0.00682
-1.16%
0.001163
-33.31%
0.000170
2.41%
7.93
2.19%
0.01659
0.61%
0.0000838
-4.66%
1.8505
12.86%
0.4425
1.05%
0.02452
-23.64%
0.1620
-11.23%
0.03682
-0.83%
0.0177
42.74%
0.1171
-2.25%
0.3824
5.90%
0.00005901
-15.90%
0.2598
-2.81%
0.2837
2.09%
0.008141
-9.68%
0.11598
0.25%
0.8538
-2.98%
0.00091
-7.14%
0.3276
1.46%
0.02008
-20.44%
0.001091
9.10%
0.0229
-2.55%
0.2694
-8.55%
0.06630
-3.52%
0.000000002200
0.00%
2.6190
5.32%
0.02727
-14.73%
0.003574
-1.43%
0.0006843
-14.57%
0.5224
2.07%
0.4145
0.75%
0.2982
1.05%
0.404
2.02%
0.1485
-1.79%
0.0002022
-6.26%
1.222
0.16%
0.005240
1.39%
2.5948
0.89%
0.0000304
7.04%
0.000507
0.00%
0.00000006880
-1.99%
0.004995
-8.35%
0.2729
-1.55%
0.4998
-0.04%
0.0217
11.28%
0.00926
-14.42%
1.0001
0.01%
0.00000440
-0.90%
0.2571
-1.00%
0.007520
39.57%
0.0766
0.00%
2.8612
-3.31%
0.03317
-0.21%
0.001132
-9.94%
0.005882
0.12%
0.00190
4.40%
0.1052
2.83%
0.00006172
6.12%
0.007677
12.40%
0.0585
1.92%
0.001031
-0.96%
0.006166
-25.21%
0.0000418
-14.17%
0.2025
-6.73%
0.01046
4.60%
0.01213
-9.68%
0.02229
1.32%
0.00512
0.00%
0.02068
-9.54%
0.6555
40.73%
0.767
-1.79%
0.2321
-0.73%
0.001766
-14.73%
4.4004
-0.02%
10.011
3.60%
2969.58
1.97%
0.00153
-0.65%
0.2314
0.74%
0.05320
-8.12%
0.03474
-20.65%
0.00000004870
3.35%
0.001518
9.76%
0.2648
-0.19%
3.328
3.90%
0.0006052
61.17%
0.000209
4.50%
0.002224
-24.66%
0.004354
-14.34%
0.04350
-13.17%
0.01097
-9.04%
0.00750
-12.79%
1.9352
-0.66%
0.00632
-2.62%
0.6978
9.03%
0.1866
-1.37%
3.493
-2.67%
7.121
1.54%
0.02012
-0.15%
1.164
6.50%
0.723
0.70%
0.005200
-9.23%
0.02518
-23.21%
0.03856
-22.12%
0.0605
1.85%
0.3181
3.85%
0.00078
-2.50%
0.7975
1.97%
2.1697
2.12%
12.65
7.29%
0.009207
-0.16%
4.894
2.36%
0.002573
-10.66%
0.001957
-2.10%
0.6974
-0.56%
0.0000001762
-2.87%
0.001891
-25.90%
0.2107
-0.85%
0.2445
3.21%
0.001682
-1.41%
0.05864
-4.07%
0.09800
12.64%
0.0175
-3.31%
15.20
-0.33%
0.0135
-2.88%
0.1727
-1.88%
0.0000000053
1.92%
0.14719
-6.06%
0.000415
-1.43%
0.07787
7.44%
0.000904
-13.41%
0.06374
-7.68%
4.745
-4.85%
25.66
-3.46%
0.0000000000001
0.00%
31.0640
-6.71%
0.0005651
-5.22%
0.02039
1.80%
0.000000043052
3.18%
0.006878
-8.33%
0.000696
1.75%
0.0400
0.00%
0.00729
-13.32%
0.00000083
-47.80%
0.820
2.24%
0.000890
-32.11%
0.002012
-3.04%
0.0005267
0.90%
0.003213
-9.85%
0.003231
16.90%
0.008452
1.73%
0.00629
-4.41%
0.022474
19.00%
0.000714
8.51%
21.21
3.36%
0.007412
2.66%
0.000520
-0.57%
0.2108
1.10%
0.0000000390
5.41%
1.5767
-4.36%
0.1043
0.87%
0.003087
0.68%
0.00921
-16.65%
0.00001801
-1.96%
0.021240
-7.90%
0.0009239
-2.28%
0.0072
0.00%
2.186449
-2.84%
0.000177
-1.67%
0.0711
1.28%
0.00003474
9.14%
0.0072252
0.44%
0.01734
-6.92%
0.0082
64.00%
0.03212
-5.25%
0.020638
-14.78%
0.00008969
-9.28%
0.006158
-1.00%
0.003646
0.14%
0.0012
0.00%
0.000387
-2.03%
0.4269
-1.52%
0.007159
-4.42%
0.014638
15.08%
0.488
-2.59%
0.01339
-1.18%
0.1108
1.74%
0.000577
0.35%
1.304
14.49%
0.2726
-0.69%
1.1556
-0.76%
10.60
-0.75%
0.0124
22.77%
0.004117
-8.51%
0.1339
-2.19%
0.000615
-19.92%
0.001684
-25.45%
0.01704
-0.29%
2.0160
0.70%
0.00508
2.83%
0.00007729
1.36%
1053
6.15%
1.343
0.00%
0.6886
0.19%
0.0406
55.56%
0.3571
1.65%
0.000000859
4.50%
0.8677
4.30%
19.71
-2.04%
0.01102
-18.13%
0.020916
16.54%
0.04746
-11.04%
0.001645
-4.30%
0.00604
9.82%
0.2298
0.39%
5.5741
-7.86%
0.0000782
-2.37%
0.6419
2.05%
326.7
-0.55%
0.1002
-3.84%
0.001633
-5.77%
0.0002850
-1.93%
0.1420
1.00%
0.04866
-24.71%
0.01358
1.27%
0.02005
-0.10%
0.74299
10.70%
0.3333
1.06%
0.0000000002373
1.71%
0.0006212
-15.60%
0.03718
-1.67%
0.04900
-27.41%
0.0005816
-1.17%
0.00476237
-5.35%
0.1780
0.68%
0.02486
-13.83%
0.00000000012470
3.49%
1.0297
2.12%
0.18268
-0.48%
0.5673
4.36%
0.00000004009
17.15%
0.4032
2.60%
0.007312
0.97%
0.0000001312
6.41%
1.801
1.35%
0.0003368
-13.64%
0.00038979
0.30%
0.01663
2.46%
0.00003080
-7.34%
0.002065
-15.85%
0.004669
-11.27%
0.0007951
-9.03%
0.00001727
-4.16%
0.0000000438
3.79%
0.066020
-0.97%
0.004280
-8.27%
0.0174
3.57%
0.0000858
-4.77%
0.0387
-9.79%
0.000000666
-0.60%
0.1195
-0.17%
0.2182
-5.58%
0.000290000
11.24%
0.0931
-0.75%
0.001110
21.58%
0.02928
-18.94%
0.0003396
-1.14%
0.00756
0.67%
0.00022
4.76%
36.75
0.60%
0.002845
-14.05%
0.004297
-15.20%
0.005533
-4.62%
0.0006016
-12.94%
0.006483
-12.36%
2.972
2.70%
0.001641
-10.57%
0.00864
0.23%
0.000064
-15.79%
0.0118
29.67%
0.1273
-5.07%
182.76
0.24%
0.013190
88.13%
55.80
0.25%
0.01065
0.76%
0.1303
-0.38%
0.0293
-3.30%
0.0000743
-4.13%
0.002671
0.34%
0.0025
-7.41%
0.000708
10.28%
0.0000082
1.23%
0.002941
-2.52%
0.4296
0.61%
2.223
0.77%
0.3898
0.00%
0.04069
-0.37%
7.898
-2.18%
0.01373
4.89%
1.493
-4.84%
0.009266
-1.22%
0.03023
-5.24%
0.00928
-4.43%
0.1312
1.86%
0.004169
-0.19%
0.3099
-0.42%
0.00001148
-5.90%
0.8326
-0.04%
4.516
3.44%
0.1221
-3.10%
0.3969
0.68%
0.00000000000001
-75.00%
0.000000000027
-3.57%
0.001075
-9.82%
0.05553
-2.72%
2.338
-4.26%
0.0059
1.72%
0.04296
-0.85%
0.01614
-3.81%
0.001362
0.67%
0.00213
3.40%
1.416
-0.56%
0.0001500
-3.66%
0.002364
-4.91%
22.74
1.11%
0.0000003560
3.94%
0.000313
-5.15%
0.0000001390
-6.27%
0.01419
-13.53%
0.005649
-18.37%
0.00000000000001
-75.00%
0.08894
1.26%
0.01645
-8.31%
4.7504
-13.63%
0.00750
-19.35%
0.02480
-2.48%
5.2099
-6.97%
0.2359
-3.64%
0.11059
4.60%
0.0058
-9.38%
0.009801
-21.54%
0.0018
260.00%
0.052525
6.39%
0.002521
-17.21%
0.006678
7.54%
0.003824
-13.68%
0.1543
6.49%
0.000000146
-20.65%
0.0049659
3.47%
0.0003630
-12.19%
0.003457
-7.12%
18.075
3.67%
0.01859
-7.51%
0.3714
-6.19%
0.0000159
-1.85%
4.003
0.55%
0.0000009000
-9.01%
0.6714
0.22%
0.000969
-7.80%
0.0157
-28.31%
0.02078
-2.94%
0.001338
-11.97%
0.000736
-15.21%
0.6639
-0.05%
0.0330
-5.17%
0.0317
-1.25%
0.17800
-1.11%
0.00530
-23.85%
0.00154
0.65%
0.02808
-3.77%
0.00002642
0.11%
0.04162
0.43%
0.9500
-4.83%
0.1252
2.29%
0.1009
-0.88%
1.309
2.35%
14.10
-5.75%
0.1029
8.32%
0.000001724
-12.93%
0.003511
6.39%
0.00032488
-6.83%
0.005143
0.55%
0.000000000001
-80.00%
0.0131
0.00%
0.01896
3.95%
0.0207
0.98%
0.0959
-3.13%
0.000101
-0.98%
0.000694
0.58%
1.0999
45.59%
0.1429
-0.56%
0.00852
-3.95%
0.0000000000000226
3.20%
0.957
-5.15%
0.000980
6.75%
0.0715
-0.97%
1.805
-3.58%
0.00987
-1.20%
0.0893
8.64%
0.002666
0.68%
0.0192
-7.25%
2.073
5.98%
0.001522
95.63%
20.14
-0.59%
0.519
0.19%
0.0053086
-5.02%
1.019
4.73%
0.1133
-48.15%
0.000700
-1.69%
0.0481
-1.43%
2.770
-9.39%
0.685
-2.00%
0.5534
0.99%
0.000001870
-6.45%
0.000029
-6.45%
20.10
-3.27%
0.010506
-4.67%
0.0152
-13.64%
0.00000337
-16.79%
0.0104
0.97%
2883.51
-0.57%
0.4865
0.87%
0.0843
-12.91%
0.00438
-3.31%
0.000000000002409
2.25%
0.7912
-0.05%
0.1002
-6.44%
0.000824
-2.49%
0.002483
-12.42%
0.00299
-32.51%
0.002100
0.00%
0.1597
-12.16%
0.1488
7.83%
0.00008567
5.47%
0.0413
-0.48%
0.890
-0.78%
0.03594
-9.40%
0.0936
-6.02%
0.005985
-12.98%
0.01492
1.50%
0.3949
-0.88%
0.902
0.67%
0.1255
-0.08%
0.1993
43.90%
0.0002250
-16.33%
0.003490
-10.56%
0.01391
16.99%
0.0001722
-31.12%
0.0000001249
1.54%
0.0000000279
3.72%
23.134
-0.27%
0.000140
3.70%
0.001592
-28.03%
0.01296
1.81%
0.002190
33.37%
0.00000000000126
-3.08%
0.001212
-2.96%
0.0003501
-7.33%
0.00780
-8.88%
0.001563
3.99%
0.002863
-18.96%
9.763
1.18%
0.0082
2.50%
14.16
4.97%
0.01468
-1.67%
0.00000000002067
-22.82%
0.00000000000047
-12.96%
0.0015770
110.27%
0.1316
0.77%
0.19492
-6.07%
0.1798
-6.01%
0.00000001332
-0.75%
0.0399
0.25%
0.4531
3.33%
0.0407
2.01%
0.0006135
-1.21%
0.2539
-0.74%
0.0321
4.22%
0.004286
-6.99%
0.005144
-16.32%
0.956
-0.52%
0.00000006149
-12.21%
0.007490
15.77%
10.99
0.92%
0.02674
-0.59%
0.3748
-7.98%
0.04791
-13.71%
0.01418
-2.41%
0.0004399
-4.45%
0.14107
-0.76%
0.0003751
-5.52%
0.08980
0.67%
0.05749
8.31%
0.04826
-4.06%
1.7187
2.80%
0.08270
-0.77%
0.1586
-2.46%
16.0000
-3.03%
0.4644
0.87%
0.00000408
3.82%
1.2100
-28.82%
0.00048988
-1.98%
0.000796
-23.68%
0.001938
17.53%
0.00964
-6.04%
0.00317
1.93%
0.0004798
-15.08%
0.003900
0.03%
0.00280
-20.00%
0.0111
13.27%
0.001619
0.19%
0.000000002722
3.54%
0.000000003522
1.67%
0.0000002612
-3.94%
8.029
2.50%
0.0001794
-18.45%
0.0000000897
4.06%
0.2731
1.34%
0.0000982
-22.06%
0.6582
-0.42%
0.0048
9.09%
0.000001960
-0.56%
0.003824
-13.25%
0.2413
1.09%
0.003614
2.70%
0.0308
2.67%
0.0014
27.27%
0.02326
1.79%
0.002300
-15.35%
0.002800
80.65%
0.000810
-10.00%
0.000999
62.44%
0.01103
-18.24%
0.000000000072
-26.53%
0.528
-4.17%
0.000098
19.51%
0.000038
-19.15%
0.00000017
-5.56%
0.003021
-24.04%
0.6006
-30.69%
0.6500
-13.91%
0.00579922
26.06%
0.00120
-50.00%
0.001799
-3.38%
0.00000411
-5.08%
5.04
0.60%
0.000001830
-1.08%
1.671
0.30%
23.76
4.44%
0.0000000004
-20.00%
0.000000000317
6.73%
0.00000006
-14.29%
0.3256
1.34%
0.0550
-3.85%
0.000000000838
11.88%
0.000724
-34.95%
0.000005
0.00%
0.009575
0.78%
0.015001
50.00%
0.0494
-2.95%
0.0000026
0.00%
0.1092
-2.85%
0.00201
-14.83%
0.001358
-1.81%
0.0000175
92.31%
0.0000029
3.57%
1.995
-1.04%
0.000042
-4.55%
0.005578
-2.16%
0.1805
1.75%
0.0000000053000
-8.62%
0.02300
-3.77%
0.004387
-0.20%
0.0447
-2.19%
0.00016
14.29%
0.0363
0.83%
0.00000000000353
20.07%
0.000000002208
10.79%
0.00039
-20.41%
0.07300
1.26%
0.000000000000001
0.00%
0.1812
-10.61%
0.1657
-4.50%
0.004830
-1.23%
0.000133
2.31%
0.1313
-1.43%
3.636
-1.36%
0.012525
-0.02%
0.1643
2.18%
0.00001115
7.11%
0.00000000000978
0.20%
0.000000000000001
0.00%
5.950
1.94%
0.1234
-1.52%
8.50
-4.71%
0.000931
-3.22%
0.0001
0.00%
0.9500
-2.76%
50.971
-1.63%
0.0295
-1.67%
0.00881
-8.70%
0.0379
9.54%
0.0004952
-14.19%
0.05869
-4.60%
0.1363
3.10%
0.000000000005
-16.67%
1.812
-0.88%
0.00165
5.77%
0.0150
-11.24%
0.0000094
1.08%
0.000125
1.63%
0.002004
-0.10%
0.000000000001125
3.31%
0.0000175
-3.31%
0.000032
3.23%
0.00000000009
0.00%
0.000000000006923
-0.33%
0.0808
-5.16%
0.00031
-11.43%
0.00876
-4.89%
0.00011948
0.95%
1.0652
4.23%
0.02024
-2.69%
0.00000000000063
0.00%
0.1028
-2.47%
0.2919
-1.52%
0.000302
-9.04%
0.000510
-15.00%
0.00001
0.00%
0.950
-1.25%
0.608
0.16%
0.0015
-25.00%
0.00307
-51.65%
0.0002300
3.32%
0.000134
0.00%
0.00008
0.00%
0.0000056
1.82%
0.00000000000451
-2.80%
0.0012001
0.01%
0.004655
0.11%
0.00009039
48.11%
0.0007840
44.65%
0.1490
0.54%
0.00040
0.00%
0.0804
2.81%
0.00049
-3.92%
0.00000000000213
5.45%
0.1368
4.75%
11.65
0.60%
0.3922
-6.95%
0.02112
2.42%
19.08
-1.09%
0.001263
-14.08%
0.000051
-43.96%
0.04070
1.37%
0.00000380
-40.81%
0.001528
2.07%
0.000000077
-1.28%
0.0000140
-4.11%
0.00000000004457
-2.96%
0.0227
27.53%
0.0712
-1.93%
0.000125
-0.79%
0.1216
-0.82%
0.007917
49.91%
25.23
-2.47%
0.000300
-9.91%
0.0000000000000246
2.93%
0.003126
-14.52%
0.000000001527
57.42%
0.00000000313220
0.94%
0.1080
2.18%
0.0000264
1.54%
0.00582
-4.12%
0.001502
-5.30%
0.0712
1.42%
0.000064
72.97%
0.2479
-2.90%
0.00000000002867
45.02%
0.00824
-8.75%
0.01525
-1.36%
0.000000001168
-4.11%
0.00000000000017
-5.56%
0.02689
37.69%
0.0031
24.00%
0.3272
-1.56%
0.0001286
-1.98%
0.0944
38.62%
0.003144
42.59%
0.00092
0.00%
0.0000306
-46.03%
0.000000000500
0.00%
0.000000000748
-0.80%
0.820
2.24%
0.00000059
7.27%
0.000001329
48.16%
0.005961
-6.64%
0.1353
-4.99%
115.95
0.83%
0.00000011
-15.38%
0.00011
0.00%
0.000000000000001
0.00%
0.000000000980
-1.51%
0.00400
-0.25%
0.000006
0.00%
0.00002
-33.33%
0.000116
-7.20%
0.00000000063
5.00%
0.000000000000001
0.00%
0.00100
0.00%
0.3201
0.00%
0.0900
-1.10%
0.0034
47.83%
1.230
-1.13%
0.000130
7.44%
0.1301
-1.74%
0.000045
0.00%
0.0001
0.00%
0.000000002196
-48.92%
0.00192
-1.03%
0.00000000001680
0.00%
0.560
-1.58%
0.00000000000119
12.26%
0.002361
-11.41%
0.0000786
0.00%
0.00000000060
-37.50%
0.00014
0.00%
0.00000029
0.00%
0.000094
-5.05%
0.01203
-17.60%
0.003400
3.00%
0.03800
0.00%
0.00002
-60.00%
0.0001705
-15.30%
0.2513
-0.87%
0.000441
0.00%
0.002699
0.00%
0.000415
0.00%
0.00125
-6.02%
0.00020
0.00%
0.0009
0.00%
0.0000000000260
12.07%
0.0279
3.72%
0.0014072
0.26%
0.00000000015899
0.85%
0.03336
3.96%
0.00000000000836
-29.92%
0.001120
0.90%
0.0000996
0.00%
0.00183
0.00%
0.00040
53.85%
0.00005889
-19.33%
0.0000334
-0.30%
0.0000150
-1.96%
0.0000000195
-0.51%
0.000000189
0.00%
0.000000077
-23.76%
0.00000013
0.00%
0.0013
44.44%
0.00000107
-1.83%
0.00002000
0.00%
0.001000
0.00%
0.0010
42.86%
0.000133
0.00%
0.000021
0.00%
0.000203
1.50%
0.000650
47.73%
0.00006000
37.24%
0.0664
2.79%
0.1475
1.58%
2.061
-3.87%
0.01948
0.36%
0.11416
-9.56%
0.6450
0.84%
0.00034
0.00%
1.0518
0.97%
0.0003518
-1.76%
0.0005302
3.41%
5.954
0.35%
0.02464
-1.40%
0.1000
0.00%
0.08263
-1.10%
0.0001500
0.00%
0.0003369
0.00%
0.00000558
-2.28%
0.00242
-3.20%
0.0643
-1.83%
2.0001
0.00%
0.0974
-0.61%
2.000000
0.00%
0.3771
0.00%
0.5732
0.00%
0.0939
0.54%
4.114
-0.17%
0.0000700
0.00%
0.1957
0.10%
10.69
-2.73%
0.8029
0.38%
0.0001
0.00%
0.0700
0.00%
0.000002630
0.00%
0.000220
0.00%
0.752
0.53%
2.5015
0.00%
3.9889
0.00%
0.0083
1.22%
0.4424
0.00%
0.2582
-2.09%
0.9746
0.00%
0.2521
0.04%
0.0069
0.00%
1.934
0.00%
0.2520
-2.40%
0.0564
-1.57%
0.0000204
0.00%
0.000100
0.00%
0.0150
0.00%
0.00000012044
0.00%
0.1204
0.00%
2.541
-0.43%
0.000000000001
0.00%
0.00100
0.00%
0.00035
0.00%
0.000000036
0.00%
0.0010
0.00%
0.000001026
0.00%
0.00032
0.00%
0.026075
0.00%
0.0000161
0.00%
0.1197
0.00%
0.000023
0.00%
0.001794
0.00%
0.000369
0.00%
0.0063
0.00%
0.001813
0.00%
0.0060
0.00%
0.0000002593
0.00%
0.00003000
0.00%
0.00001584
0.00%
0.0000001013
0.00%
0.00006187
0.00%
0.000137
0.00%
0.000000000046
0.00%
0.001405
0.00%
0.2340
0.04%
0.000609
-0.16%
0.000902
0.00%
0.000000000774
-1.28%
0.0001
0.00%
0.0560
0.00%
0.00007588
0.00%
0.000536
1.13%
0.004025
0.00%
0.0124
0.00%
0.00010000
0.00%
0.00000230
0.00%
0.0000000105
0.00%
0.5000
0.00%
0.001870
0.00%
0.0000000053
0.00%
0.0000000050
0.00%
0.00001700
0.00%
0.000000210
0.00%
0.000317
0.00%
0.1454
0.00%
0.000101
0.00%
0.0025000
0.00%
0.0014
0.00%
0.0104
0.00%
0.000405
0.00%
----
0.001290
0.00%
0.0000013757
2.81%
0.000757
0.00%
0.001389
0.00%
1.6799
0.00%
0.00000000002387
0.00%
0.00000000000010
0.00%
0.00422
0.00%
0.00001
0.00%
0.0011
0.00%
0.0000288
0.00%
0.00020
0.00%
0.002900
0.00%
0.7998
0.00%
0.00006767
0.00%
0.0133
0.00%
0.00089
0.00%
0.001099
0.00%
0.001348
0.00%
0.00167
0.00%
0.0281
0.00%
0.0001000
0.00%
0.05056
0.00%
0.00390
0.00%
0.00005
0.00%
0.001501
0.00%
0.000141
0.00%
0.03750
0.00%
0.000024
0.00%
0.000013
0.00%
0.001234
0.00%
0.000229
0.00%
0.00088
0.00%
0.000453
0.00%
0.0066
0.00%
0.0011
0.00%
0.0004
0.00%
0.0007
0.00%
0.0240
0.00%
0.000523
0.00%
0.0030
0.00%
0.029784
0.00%
0.4998
0.00%
0.0000111
0.00%
0.007888
0.00%
0.000363
0.00%
0.0256
0.00%
0.000716
0.00%
0.001200
0.00%
0.000333
0.00%
0.00008338
0.00%
0.001050
0.00%
1.2500
0.00%
0.000360
0.00%
0.000383
0.00%
0.03915
0.00%
0.0045
0.00%
0.0004
0.00%
0.0786
0.00%
0.001563
0.00%
0.000001
0.00%
0.005500
0.00%
1.6349
0.00%
0.055500
0.00%
0.001702
0.00%
0.00000000000995
0.00%
0.000019
0.00%
0.000999
0.00%
0.0300
0.00%
0.0130
0.00%
0.0006
0.00%
65.1101
0.00%
3.7189
0.00%
0.00000008
0.00%
0.000080
0.00%
0.0015
0.00%
0.0100
0.00%
0.015000
0.00%
4.1000
0.00%
0.000331
0.00%
0.0489
0.00%
0.0745
0.00%
0.002647
0.00%
0.001240
0.00%
0.000848
0.00%
0.002101
0.00%
0.3882
0.00%
0.076250
0.00%
0.0150
0.00%
0.0752
0.00%
0.009589
0.00%
0.0036
0.00%
0.1769
0.00%
2.2915
0.00%
0.000241
0.00%
0.10500
0.00%
0.000940
0.00%
0.000137
0.00%
0.0004031
0.00%
0.0096
0.00%
0.0090
0.00%
0.05517
0.31%
0.000190
0.00%
0.004992
0.02%
1.76670591
0.00%
0.0006
0.00%
0.0007
0.00%
0.000399
0.00%
0.0001273
0.00%
0.0364
0.00%
0.0000002054
0.00%
0.0001
0.00%
0.6700
0.00%
0.00011
0.00%
0.00001
0.00%
0.00010
0.00%
0.0010
0.00%
0.2888
0.00%
0.00501
0.00%
0.02700
0.00%
0.0000759
0.00%
0.2298
0.00%
0.0025
0.00%
0.3515
0.00%
0.4900
0.00%
0.9900
0.00%
0.5000
0.00%
0.0134
0.00%
0.88686
0.00%
0.00745
0.00%
0.00005
0.00%
0.00003444
0.00%
0.0000325
0.00%
1.1760
0.00%
0.1458
0.00%
0.01463
0.00%
0.01615
1.25%
0.00901
0.00%
0.4606
0.00%
0.002005
0.00%
0.00012
0.00%
0.0000032
0.00%
0.00000000131
0.00%
0.030101
0.00%
0.01200
0.00%
0.000001000
0.00%
0.00396
0.00%
0.00002337
0.00%
0.0000008
0.00%
1.3441
0.92%
0.01300
0.00%
0.00300
0.00%
0.0000320
0.00%
0.00450
0.00%
0.34126
0.00%
0.00515
0.00%
0.00155
0.00%
0.0000080
0.00%
0.0008
0.00%
0.000688
0.00%
0.00227
0.00%
0.00058
0.00%
0.03520
0.00%
2.9000
0.00%
0.0000031
0.00%
0.000000005
0.00%
0.000658
0.00%
0.01200
0.00%
0.001020
0.00%
0.0000155
0.00%
0.00099
0.00%
0.0515
0.00%
0.0000031
0.00%
0.0007240
0.00%
0.00200
0.00%
0.00000016739
0.00%
0.0001000
0.00%
0.0307
0.00%
0.3186
0.00%
0.000501
0.00%
0.00048
0.00%
0.00067500
0.00%
0.012713
0.00%
0.00730
0.00%
0.0000474
-0.42%
0.0001402
0.00%
0.0900
0.00%
0.00006
0.00%
0.000000000019
0.00%
0.0001
0.00%
0.001029
0.00%
0.01000
0.00%
0.006003
0.00%
50.60
0.00%
0.18
0.00%
0.0000269
0.00%
0.0000000500
0.00%
0.0000001300
0.00%
0.001567
0.00%
0.0000001
0.00%
0.0000001
0.00%
0.0000550
0.00%
0.000000000245
0.00%
0.000000000076
0.00%
0.000426832
0.00%
0.0000000020
0.00%
0.27728
0.00%
0.0000000000001
0.00%
0.5445
0.00%
0.0124
0.00%
0.000000000000001
0.00%
0.000000000000001
0.00%
0.0001490
0.00%
0.000000000000001
0.00%
0.00000000000001
0.00%
0.000000000000001
0.00%
0.00000000000000056
0.00%
0.00000000010
0.00%
0.00000000000084
0.00%
0.0000066
0.00%
0.000600
0.00%
0.000000000000001
0.00%
0.000000000000001
0.00%
0.0000000000012
0.00%
0.00000000000005
0.00%
0.00449
0.00%
0.000000000000001
0.00%
0.000043
0.00%
0.00000000000010
0.00%
0.00300
0.00%
0.00102014
0.00%
0.00000071
0.00%
0.01334
0.00%
0.000001
0.00%
0.250
0.00%
0.5376
2.46%
0.001240
0.00%
0.0249
0.00%
0.7441
0.00%
0.1522
2.56%
0.02648
-0.49%
0.00500
0.00%
3.57
0.00%
0.0022
0.00%
0.00538
0.00%
0.03665
-0.89%
0.7474
1.38%
0.000000000180
0.00%
4601.03
0.00%
1.996
1.73%
0.0091
0.00%