IOU

Bron LBankTijd 2024-09-17 01:01:29

In everyday parlance, when we utter "I owe you" (IOU), it transcends a mere verbal commitment; it embodies an informal means of acknowledging debt. Picture this: Zhang San borrows money from Li Si, or promises to give a valuable gift. To affirm this "debt of gratitude," they might draft what's known as an IOU. This note or oral agreement, in essence, confirms one party's indebtedness to the other, whether it pertains to money, goods, or services.


Unlike formal bonds or promissory notes, IOUs are more casual and lack the legal enforceability bestowed upon them. Thus, even with a written "I owe you," the debtor isn't legally bound to repay under law. This informality imbues IOUs with uncertainty, resembling more of a trust-based pact among friends or family, akin to parents promising a gaming console for a child's excellent grades or petty cash loans between colleagues.


IOUs can take various forms, ranging from a hastily scribbled note to a gentleman's verbal agreement, particularly prevalent within households. In business, while less formal than contracts, small enterprises or acquaintances may use IOUs to temporarily document financial exchanges, such as a company issuing an IOU to a supplier until payment can be made.


Despite their casual appearance, a comprehensive IOU typically includes fundamental elements: names of the involved parties (or company names), the exact amount owed, signatures for validation, and the date of the agreement's establishment. However, due to its informal nature, IOUs seldom outline consequences for default or specify repayment deadlines, relying instead on mutual trust and subsequent verbal agreements to fill these gaps.


With technological advancements, especially the advent of blockchain technology, the traditional trust-based model of IOUs is undergoing transformation. Envision IOUs digitized and recorded using blockchain technology, transforming a paper or verbal promise into an immutable chain record. Smart contracts can automate repayment conditions, ensuring that funds automatically transfer from borrower to lender upon fulfillment of predetermined conditions, like a repayment deadline, without manual intervention. This significantly reduces default risks, enhancing transparency and efficiency.


This application extends beyond personal lending, applicable to supply chain finance, international trade, and more, effectively reducing trust costs and accelerating capital flows. While blockchain technology has yet to permeate every IOU in daily life, it foreshadows a potential future trend in financial transactions – a more secure, transparent, and efficient way of acknowledging and executing debts.

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0.0515
47.99%
0.05589
-10.38%
5.410
3.22%
0.00394
-1.25%
0.0149
1.36%
0.02294
-1.04%
1.2659
0.84%
0.00607
-7.47%
0.000000000002
-60.00%
1.3136
-2.36%
1.1647
-0.39%
0.001373
4.65%
0.00012643
10.51%
0.00005032
-1.81%
0.0154
2.67%
0.02682
-11.51%
0.1167
-9.81%
0.1271
-4.51%
0.0073
0.00%
0.9709
0.23%
0.00538
-13.09%
0.1204
-0.25%
0.0000012
-53.85%
0.00111
7.77%
0.13293
-5.62%
32.29
1.60%
0.01843
-9.52%
0.000358
-1.10%
26.19
1.51%
25.73
0.90%
0.01157
25.35%
0.0220
-8.33%
0.0000952
-4.90%
0.4636
3.46%
0.02820
21.66%
0.1077
6.95%
0.01306
0.00%
0.1423
2.45%
0.00176
7.32%
0.005765
0.42%
0.02870
-13.89%
0.00000000025249
0.71%
2696
0.45%
36.77
-1.89%
3.1174
1.50%
38.231
0.69%
1.0912
-1.60%
1.813
0.17%
0.3542
2.73%
0.00001999
9.18%
0.00556
-0.54%
0.10147
-8.41%
0.0000001469
-0.94%
0.00073
10.61%
0.01250
0.56%
20.30
0.45%
0.000001983
2.69%
0.00349
-1.41%
0.00004008
-31.23%
2.5106
6.51%
0.0001005
-0.79%
0.03640
-7.85%
0.8093
2.30%
0.2148
2.14%
0.00000196
-2.97%
1.1167
-0.47%
2.674
-1.44%
0.1030
-0.77%
22.79
-1.77%
0.00091
-10.78%
0.008935
-0.16%
0.5737
0.76%
0.0965
-0.41%
0.1001
-1.86%
0.00558
-27.15%
24.82
-0.20%
0.2115
-0.84%
0.2092
3.26%
0.002997
0.50%
1.263
1.12%
1.1250
-0.68%
0.0000014
-53.33%
0.0619
0.65%
3.092
-0.96%
0.009450
-2.88%
0.00002679
0.56%
0.1870
-1.11%
0.94306
-0.25%
0.0000000599
5.46%
10.06
0.00%
0.00006523
0.48%
0.00093
-15.45%
0.00000006777
0.43%
0.000013
-23.53%
0.00017562
0.82%
0.1477
-0.07%
0.0648
-17.35%
23.76
-1.57%
0.063717
-1.75%
8.83
-0.23%
0.001647
-17.65%
0.2552
1.03%
0.02762
0.62%
0.00383
-1.03%
2.1584
-5.37%
0.00003702
0.14%
0.01690
0.78%
0.05854
7.93%
0.003799
0.90%
5.688
-0.11%
0.00197
4.79%
0.00255
6.69%
0.01257
1.29%
0.005655
0.59%
0.001243
-0.56%
0.000008
-27.27%
0.27343
-0.49%
0.01339
17.87%
0.0343
0.88%
0.03170
0.32%
0.00208
-6.31%
0.2288
0.62%
0.05120
-2.10%
0.02235
7.25%
0.03964
0.48%
15.17
0.73%
0.00021
0.00%
0.056353
0.68%
37.96
2.32%
3.945
1.78%
0.19477
-0.21%
0.0000000000001
-66.67%
11.197
-0.21%
0.1774
0.23%
0.3741
0.51%
1.373
-0.22%
0.0043879
59.50%
0.4628
-0.39%
0.01285
-4.25%
0.005853
0.27%
0.00355
17.94%
0.0000001196
-1.08%
1.108
-0.63%
0.00000000000001
-50.00%
0.006508
-0.72%
0.000000549
-1.61%
0.0210
6.06%
0.1708
2.28%
0.0808
-7.13%
0.00698
2.80%
0.000354
-1.67%
0.03804
1.96%
0.0002488
-0.12%
0.0000000003714
-1.41%
0.00168
8.39%
0.1275
-0.23%
0.00648500
8.21%
0.00485
6.36%
0.0000000001
0.00%
0.00073
2.82%
0.0000000952
-3.74%
0.00000121
-40.69%
6.297
-0.06%
0.3531
-13.46%
14.6998
46.81%
0.00950
35.33%
0.0275
-27.44%
0.01503
0.67%
14.064
0.96%
0.1554
1.04%
0.00071
-1.39%
0.00799
-0.62%
0.7214
-0.30%
0.000000001063
0.57%
3510.88
0.30%
0.02462
2.12%
2.997
-2.76%
0.3877
-0.84%
0.6428
0.52%
0.004362
-8.84%
1.5882
2.29%
0.00000000001
0.00%
0.0758
-5.60%
0.006442
0.17%
0.2290
-3.62%
0.1531
0.79%
0.04716
11.54%
0.000000903
0.11%
0.00003725
0.22%
1.1560
-0.33%
0.755
1.34%
0.14155
-0.26%
9.373
0.01%
0.0250
-9.42%
0.00057275
0.31%
0.3445
-0.78%
0.02190
-0.36%
0.7952
-2.47%
0.00000000002884
-2.04%
0.003230
-1.70%
0.000000819
1.99%
0.0685
4.90%
0.3179
0.06%
0.00580000
-2.36%
0.000101
-19.20%
0.0690
-0.43%
0.00466
-2.92%
0.0050
-1.96%
10.49
-0.29%
0.0542
-1.45%
0.0555
0.18%
0.0000000830
1.22%
0.4763
1.99%
3.9002
-0.41%
1.2080
-0.16%
0.3307
0.64%
0.0000008767
0.97%
3.981
-0.67%
0.0453
-0.88%
0.13692
-0.52%
0.00001529
-15.48%
13.750
-0.19%
0.3292
0.06%
2654.31
0.41%
15.48
-0.32%
0.0671
3.07%
0.0023
-8.00%
0.0000003
-70.00%
0.000012
-61.29%
1442
-1.37%
0.4626
-0.11%
0.001020
8.51%
0.00001494
-0.20%
0.2370
1.54%
0.008998
1.20%
0.00954
0.53%
0.0719
5.74%
0.03103
2.58%
0.0855
3.39%
0.00000000000000277
177.00%
0.000000001
0.00%
0.2776
2.44%
0.000000000334
-2.62%
0.4992
-0.12%
0.04581
-11.85%
0.004535
-0.44%
0.693
-3.35%
0.4638
-7.26%
0.001230
-3.15%
0.5315
-0.64%
4.234
3.24%
0.0000000000006
-40.00%
0.00000002533
-1.36%
0.000000002262
-10.20%
0.3048
-0.88%
0.2226
-0.31%
0.000150
-21.47%
0.007654
-2.57%
0.2071
12.07%
0.03705
-0.99%
271.05
2.10%
0.00462
-2.74%
0.01982
0.15%
0.002629
-3.38%
0.000997
-0.60%
0.0000000001
-90.00%
0.00009300
1.10%
0.4999
-5.68%
3.061
-0.07%
0.0890
1.14%
0.0928
0.87%
0.00000115
-1.71%
0.5548
-0.52%
0.04248
-16.54%
0.2660
-1.26%
0.0006915
11.98%
0.07928
-17.00%
0.00000000010
0.00%
1.291
1.33%
0.0476
-8.64%
0.0000000000001
0.00%
39.58
-1.62%
0.00000907
2.49%
0.02405
-9.28%
0.1402
-0.14%
0.03949
-5.82%
0.0546
-2.15%
1.900
-0.94%
1.533
-0.07%
0.09389
0.00%
0.00754
-0.92%
0.00030000
0.00%
0.16560
-1.63%
0.0542
-0.18%
0.00000249
730.00%
0.003498
-0.03%
0.00008760
-3.84%
0.1287
-10.00%
0.13423
-1.71%
0.00739
2.92%
0.01011
-24.21%
0.1879
0.05%
0.9337
1.23%
0.002182
0.00%
0.00000001708
-14.08%
0.002594
30.35%
0.2201
-8.94%
0.2110
1.49%
0.00000000000238
17.24%
0.03912
0.26%
0.0007407
-0.07%
0.0181
3.43%
18.478
0.82%
0.7927
-0.46%
0.00000000003951
94.44%
1.156
0.09%
0.0000000000000223
2.29%
3.395
-0.41%
0.002181
16.63%
0.7903
0.82%
0.3461
-1.45%
0.000121
-87.81%
2.764
0.40%
3.80
-28.30%
0.02029
-0.10%
0.002944
8.92%
0.0125
8.70%
0.000003643
1.00%
1.387
0.29%
0.2159
-1.28%
2.530
-1.09%
0.000000050
25.00%
0.0000001021
-6.24%
0.00200
-13.04%
0.00000000057
90.00%
0.00149
2.76%
0.029569
-2.95%
5.6000
-2.85%
0.00061
-41.35%
0.02444
4.36%
0.1852
0.00%
0.04572
-1.53%
0.0010
11.11%
0.009462
1.75%
0.000002406
0.59%
3.264
-0.09%
79.28
2.22%
0.00799
-0.37%
0.000002940
0.00%
0.00000000000186
-9.27%
0.00000000000018
0.00%
30.68
-0.39%
58.76
-0.47%
0.0670
7.37%
0.00000000001130
-9.38%
0.05120
8.25%
0.00000000000410
3.27%
0.0000737
3.37%
0.0000040
-9.09%
0.000000000011890
18.89%
0.0000000000000233
0.43%
0.1793
-0.06%
0.4880
-1.73%
0.4408
-0.74%
0.17345
-0.72%
0.1425
-0.42%
0.0016
-5.88%
1.880
0.11%
0.002680
34.00%
0.0000000001
0.00%
0.000426832
0.00%
0.1057
0.67%
0.000000000001892
0.21%
0.004500
2.04%
4.1000
0.00%
0.000934
-63.37%
0.00005434
0.24%
0.0000256
-2.66%
0.000095
-47.22%
0.813
-0.25%
0.00000000849
1.92%
0.000672
-18.35%
0.0100
11.11%
0.4144
0.07%
0.4979
-0.36%
0.000255
-20.06%
2.814
1.41%
0.00000000000614
-7.67%
1.1000
0.00%
0.00230
78.29%
0.001000
-2.15%
0.000019
-81.00%
2.791
0.11%
0.1084
-1.09%
0.00000000005
-50.00%
0.0000016728
-16.72%
0.000200000
-25.93%
0.1827
-1.83%
15.07
0.67%
0.00391
3.99%
0.5371
-0.33%
0.00000000090
-34.31%
0.00007614
0.81%
0.000000000002888
1.16%
0.00033572
-21.93%
2.700
-2.10%
0.17500
-12.59%
0.000000000349
21.60%
0.000000000050
25.00%
0.000000001570
-2.61%
3.211
-0.77%
0.00000000000060
7.14%
0.8273
-0.27%
0.0000000057988
0.01%
0.013034
-0.87%
0.000100
0.00%
0.001551
2.65%
0.00023
-4.17%
0.000039
5.41%
0.0644
30.63%
0.000096
-4.00%
0.0000329
-33.54%
0.00006980
-28.84%
0.003499
29.31%
0.01753
-13.00%
0.0000076
-6.17%
0.00005
-16.67%
0.0000003046
-8.53%
0.01643
-2.32%
0.988
0.30%
0.694
-0.43%
0.000000001977
-0.75%
0.1442
-0.55%
0.001674
-3.24%
8088.88
-4.90%
0.012987
-0.01%
0.0021
0.00%
0.000121
-9.02%
0.011234
2.09%
0.000140
-0.71%
0.000000000011
0.00%
19.9749
10.97%
1.1539
-1.65%
0.0001400
-49.40%
0.000712
-0.42%
0.0674
-0.44%
0.000000000252
-1.18%
0.3594
0.39%
0.000000000988
57.07%
0.000003358
0.48%
0.000469
-6.01%
0.003591
5.59%
0.00017
6.25%
0.0483
-3.78%
0.3967
-0.87%
2.5000
-35.90%
0.0015
0.00%
0.0018
0.00%
0.934
-0.11%
0.000000236
-3.28%
0.006101
5.17%
0.0038
-11.63%
0.0001
0.00%
0.4436
-0.43%
0.0005
25.00%
0.2772
-0.43%
0.03176
-0.41%
5.0000
0.00%
0.000006
0.00%
0.00150
1.35%
3.8674
-5.90%
0.000023
-48.89%
0.0000080
-16.67%
0.0000520
-49.17%
0.00000000001469
0.00%
0.00000101
-4.72%
0.03177
-1.94%
0.00001495
0.00%
0.0001009
0.30%
0.0064
-12.33%
0.0000321
-18.73%
0.00040
48.15%
0.00000135
37.76%
0.000224
-23.55%
0.001429
2.73%
0.00000000537720
0.89%
0.0067
8.06%
0.00020
-9.09%
0.0000119
0.00%
0.00763
-0.39%
0.000000293
-5.48%
0.00009
-25.00%
0.000000000850
-11.83%
0.000108
1.89%
0.0042
-48.78%
0.006698
42.51%
0.0121
-1.63%
0.00000009
0.00%
0.00000461
0.44%
0.00007
-22.22%
0.00000000015111
0.03%
0.000000000144
-22.58%
0.0001
0.00%
0.0005800
1.75%
0.00090
0.00%
0.000000002974
0.85%
0.0000002850
0.00%
0.02750
-28.65%
0.00000000003979
8.39%
0.0014
0.00%
0.002555
0.79%
0.00000000000162
0.00%
0.000033
0.00%
0.000070
-20.45%
0.000000000060
0.00%
0.01200
-8.40%
0.000000170
0.00%
0.00000000002255
0.00%
0.00012
9.09%
0.000000400
0.00%
0.000000060
0.00%
0.000326
0.00%
0.00655
-22.12%
0.000000249
50.00%
0.0000000000200
26.58%
0.001076
-30.58%
0.004991
-0.08%
0.0060
0.00%
0.0013
18.18%
0.001193
1.97%
0.01204
0.00%
0.001366
0.00%
0.000200
-0.50%
0.000000001000
0.00%
0.002193
-0.23%
0.091000
-49.72%
0.00000069
0.00%
0.000453
0.22%
0.000490
0.82%
0.00000000000034
6.25%
0.000112
0.00%
0.00009
28.57%
0.00022
0.00%
0.00014
16.67%
0.000001
0.00%
0.000013
-13.33%
0.00045
-6.25%
0.00003003
-48.04%
0.0021
-4.55%
0.00026
18.18%
0.1122
-7.50%
0.01236
0.00%
0.01663
-2.86%
0.1558
4.63%
3.6625
-0.22%
0.00787
2.34%
0.2215
-2.08%
5.0693
0.00%
3.000000
0.00%
0.3771
0.00%
0.5732
0.00%
47.783
0.54%
0.7850
0.00%
0.1129
1.35%
0.0001056
0.00%
0.00251
0.00%
1.0881
-1.02%
0.0700
0.00%
0.001556
0.52%
0.00000088
0.00%
0.6246
4.13%
0.00006508
0.00%
0.000100
0.00%
2.284
0.22%
0.000111
1.83%
0.0089
1.14%
0.4424
0.00%
0.17426
0.00%
0.9746
0.00%
0.0069
0.00%
1.934
0.00%
0.000752
0.00%
0.1890
0.16%
0.4443
-0.11%
0.0000204
0.00%
0.0150
0.00%
0.00000065495
0.00%
0.1204
0.00%
3.158
-0.47%
1.437
-1.64%
0.007148
0.00%
0.00065
0.00%
0.0003069
0.00%
0.00035
0.00%
0.0006
0.00%
0.000001005
0.00%
0.026078
0.00%
0.0000200
0.00%
0.9839
0.00%
0.00081
0.00%
0.000417
0.00%
0.0042
0.00%
0.0061
0.00%
0.0000002593
0.00%
0.00005999
0.00%
0.00001584
0.00%
0.0000002045
0.00%
0.000038
0.00%
0.03480
0.00%
0.00006187
0.00%
0.000000000035
9.38%
0.001406
0.00%
0.2359
-1.09%
0.000902
0.00%
0.000000000701
0.00%
0.0001
0.00%
0.0560
0.00%
0.00008100
0.00%
0.000986
0.92%
0.00000000051
0.00%
0.00012000
0.00%
0.00000493
0.20%
0.0000000104
0.00%
0.5000
0.00%
0.00000009
0.00%
0.002787
0.00%
0.0000000401
0.00%
0.00000015
0.00%
0.0000000050
0.00%
0.000000001500
0.00%
0.00037099
0.00%
0.000415
0.00%
0.0130
0.00%
0.000318
0.00%
0.3285
0.00%
0.9995
0.00%
0.000109
0.00%
0.0044121
3.51%
0.0079
1.28%
0.000405
0.00%
----
0.001299
0.00%
0.00000016
0.00%
0.000757
0.00%
0.001020
0.00%
0.0001400
0.00%
1.6799
0.00%
0.00000000002387
0.00%
0.00422
0.00%
0.00003
0.00%
0.0013
0.00%
0.0000326
4.82%
0.00043
0.00%
0.002960
0.00%
0.00000618
0.00%
0.00006767
0.00%
0.0128
0.00%
0.00067
0.00%
0.000502
0.00%
0.00172
0.00%
0.0163
0.00%
0.0001000
0.00%
0.05056
0.00%
1.4800
0.00%
0.0023016
0.00%
0.00391
0.00%
0.000006
0.00%
0.00024
0.00%
0.003000
0.00%
0.000141
0.00%
0.000025
0.00%
0.000030
0.00%
0.001234
0.00%
0.000400
0.00%
0.00043
0.00%
0.006134
0.00%
0.0066
0.00%
0.0013
0.00%
0.0008
0.00%
0.0010
0.00%
0.0240
0.00%
0.000519
0.00%
0.0030
0.00%
0.4998
0.00%
0.0000656
0.00%
0.011975
0.00%
0.000366
0.00%
0.0256
0.00%
0.000817
0.00%
0.001200
0.00%
0.000332
0.00%
0.001014
0.20%
0.0000255
0.00%
0.001050
0.00%
2.1000
0.00%
0.000677
0.00%
0.000383
0.00%
5.3700
0.00%
0.05025
0.00%
0.000732
0.00%
0.0127
0.00%
0.0004
0.00%
0.0786
0.00%
0.001563
0.00%
0.005500
0.00%
1.7018
0.00%
0.055000
0.00%
0.001700
0.00%
0.00000000000996
0.00%
0.000047
0.00%
0.000032
0.00%
0.003001
0.00%
0.000294
0.00%
0.0018
0.00%
0.0138
0.00%
0.0006
0.00%
65.1557
0.00%
3.7189
0.00%
0.001000
0.00%
0.000080
0.00%
0.009000
0.00%
0.0023
0.00%
0.043114
0.00%
4.1000
0.00%
0.0489
0.00%
0.0150
0.00%
0.0892
0.00%
0.0006
0.00%
0.1289
0.00%
0.0745
0.00%
0.003599
0.00%
0.001390
0.00%
0.001337
0.00%
0.002000
0.00%
0.3882
0.00%
0.076250
0.00%
0.0766
0.00%
0.0103
0.00%
0.006573
0.00%
0.0041
0.00%
2.2915
0.00%
0.0000000134
0.00%
0.000094
0.00%
0.0000000000000004
0.00%
0.001201
0.00%
0.006476
0.00%
0.0499
0.00%
0.0096
0.00%
2.1403
0.00%
0.0075
0.00%
0.0539
0.00%
0.003679
-0.43%
1.76670591
0.00%
0.0016
0.00%
0.000399
0.00%
0.0014200
0.00%
0.0364
0.00%
0.00001
0.00%
0.00016
0.00%
0.2888
0.00%
0.00501
0.00%
0.0000500
0.00%
0.07805
0.00%
0.1000
0.00%
0.0024
0.00%
0.3515
0.00%
0.2385
2.36%
0.010000
0.00%
0.0190
0.00%
0.4900
0.00%
0.9900
0.00%
0.5000
0.00%
0.013885
0.00%
0.88686
0.00%
0.00066
0.00%
0.00148
0.00%
0.00900
0.00%
0.0000843
0.00%
0.0065
0.00%
0.06114
0.00%
0.1448
0.00%
0.00398
0.00%
0.03710
0.00%
0.02584
1.49%
0.00600
0.00%
0.4606
0.00%
0.002005
0.00%
0.0000050
0.00%
0.00000000131
0.00%
0.00019
0.00%
0.000001000
0.00%
0.00011999
0.00%
160.00
0.00%
0.0000008
0.00%
1.3045
0.01%
0.01710
0.00%
0.0051
0.00%
0.0000320
0.00%
0.072357
-0.14%
3.5011
0.00%
0.000001259
0.00%
0.00449
0.00%
0.0003323
0.00%
0.34069
0.00%
0.02940
0.00%
0.934
0.00%
0.00165
0.00%
0.0000098
0.00%
0.0012
0.00%
0.4122
0.00%
0.001068
0.00%
0.00219
0.00%
0.03520
0.00%
0.000000005
0.00%
0.0066
0.00%
0.00132
-1.49%
0.001275
0.00%
0.0000004
0.00%
0.0014480
0.00%
0.00200
0.00%
0.000004145
0.00%
0.0002200
0.00%
0.000000912
0.00%
0.0302
0.00%
0.3314
0.00%
0.001000
0.00%
0.00224
0.00%
0.00040
0.00%
0.012971
0.00%
0.0275
0.00%
0.0900
0.00%
0.04068
0.00%
0.00018
0.00%
0.000000000017
0.00%
0.0001
0.00%
0.001029
0.00%
0.01030
0.00%
0.00001
0.00%
0.010594
0.00%
74.00
0.00%
0.3309
0.00%
0.0000890
0.00%
0.0000996
0.00%
0.0000000500
0.00%
0.0000001300
0.00%
0.0000001
0.00%
0.15499
0.00%
0.0002657
0.00%
0.000000000300
0.00%
1.1200
0.00%
18.2
0.00%
0.24293
0.00%
0.00000000000000100
0.00%
0.00025
0.00%
0.6457
0.00%
0.0001699
0.00%
0.000189
0.00%
0.001370
0.00%
0.01198
0.00%
0.002201
0.00%
0.6479
0.28%
0.7033
-0.42%
1.219
0.25%
0.0249
0.00%
0.7441
0.00%
0.1588
0.00%
0.04123
1.18%
24.45
0.99%
0.00500
0.00%
0.02136
-4.04%
0.00539
0.00%
0.04647
-0.06%
2.507
0.68%
0.0091
0.00%