Issuance

Fonte: LBankTempo: 2024-09-17 01:01:29

In today's rapidly converging landscape of finance and technology, the concept of "issuance" has taken on a new dimension, particularly within the blockchain sphere. In essence, issuance refers to the process of bringing something new into circulation, but in the realm of cryptocurrencies, it specifically pertains to generating new tokens or coins. This is carried out according to distinct guidelines set forth by project creators.


Take Bitcoin, for instance, where issuance occurs through a process known as "mining." Here, "miners'' invest substantial resources to validate transactions in new blocks, earning freshly minted Bitcoins as a reward for their efforts. Bitcoin's issuance relies on mining activities and the "Proof of Work" (PoW) consensus mechanism. However, not all cryptocurrencies adhere to this path; some forego mining altogether, employing varied methodologies such as gradual release over time or pre-mining a set amount of tokens.


Another scenario involves startups or enterprises issuing newly created tokens directly to investors through an "Initial Coin Offering" (ICO). This issuance process is meticulously designed by smart contracts, outlining the maximum supply and initial distribution of tokens. Investors, based on the token economic model presented by the project, decide whether to partake in this investment opportunity. Smart contracts function akin to a transparent ledger, ensuring adherence to issuance rules, preventing overissuance, and safeguarding the fairness of the process.


Token issuance surpasses being merely a fundraising mechanism; it forms the cornerstone of blockchain ecosystems. The issuance of platform tokens, for example, aims to incentivize user engagement, facilitate the exchange of services or goods, fostering a closed-loop economic system. Often, these tokens have a finite total supply, with scarcity potentially driving up their value over time, as seen with Bitcoin.


Notably, as technology evolves, methods of cryptocurrency issuance continue to innovate. Ethereum’s transition from Proof of Work to the more energy-efficient "Proof of Stake" (PoS) mechanism, for one, will reshape Ethereum issuance, reducing energy consumption while maintaining network security and stability.


Underpinning issuance are profound economic principles, including supply and demand dynamics, inflation, and deflation. Project teams must meticulously balance market circulation in their issuance strategies, ensuring ample liquidity for trades without allowing rapid inflation that could undermine investor interests.

 

SpotFuturi
USDTUSDCLTsBTCETHSTABLECOINS
CoppiePrezzoModifica
97276.45
1.08%
2730.15
0.89%
649.5
-0.85%
172.66
1.15%
0.00290
1.05%
0.9997
-0.04%
2.6965
3.06%
3.590
1.50%
3.3013
3.40%
0.4807
2.98%
4.955
2.23%
16.79
-1.47%
1.2367
-0.18%
0.001206
-11.84%
0.001271
11.69%
0.000001688
12.16%
0.00958
9.11%
0.06917
72.93%
0.8877
-90.61%
1.2420
0.59%
0.08202
15.55%
0.0001859
-19.42%
0.03613
-15.23%
0.00537
-29.80%
0.9136
-55.98%
0.00850
-49.94%
0.00560
-18.13%
0.0800
6.52%
0.2064
-13.89%
0.3117
-4.33%
0.01919
-16.16%
0.4450
4.07%
0.000566
165.73%
0.0004854
1.83%
1.9919
47.46%
0.05011
-8.46%
0.0067
-16.25%
0.00504
-54.51%
0.01330
16.46%
0.38456
-15.19%
0.01402
-6.78%
0.0004864
-27.55%
0.008637
-29.65%
0.004302
-55.45%
0.01140
-18.16%
0.3189
-0.50%
0.050880
-1.36%
0.000266
56.47%
0.008517
1.51%
0.0002267
1.30%
0.010022
4.12%
0.000900
-20.56%
0.671
5.50%
0.00062
-25.30%
0.01165
-27.28%
8.5612
-21.85%
61.3824
14.82%
0.002618
-21.92%
0.01377
3.22%
0.00994
0.71%
0.002660
-34.74%
0.01344
-9.74%
0.0004674
3.20%
14.931
101.53%
0.000036
-5.26%
3.242
27.64%
0.000131
-18.13%
1257.3547
0.34%
171.27440
10.29%
61748.99844
1.10%
14178866.5669390
0.55%
0.16074
4.19%
0.0000023
-66.67%
0.003197
21.19%
0.0014
-41.67%
0.25812
0.80%
43.51115
-3.95%
0.33000
-21.57%
13720.08527
2.60%
0.00000019368
8.88%
3058.0000
-0.07%
1780.49932
2.41%
6697.44820
3.42%
4.05996
5.41%
0.000000000023
-71.60%
0.0000031280
-1.04%
26.6591
-1.73%
0.0000006053
-3.66%
10.6547
1.20%
0.08927
-0.29%
0.02146
16.95%
13.9145
-1.98%
2.03028
0.14%
0.4683
-26.91%
0.02991
7.40%
8.1220
0.82%
0.4127
-13.95%
0.227217
3.09%
0.502439
0.08%
1.0825
0.19%
0.00160
5.26%
0.04471
1.89%
0.00004032
8.80%
0.000034003
1.12%
0.0161
-19.90%
1.0020
-4.37%
12.3939
-5.92%
2.302431
-0.94%
0.230770
1.20%
0.03658
5.33%
0.0030972
-0.73%
0.00550
-5.17%
0.003729
3.55%
1.01
-21.71%
0.03030
-2.57%
113.5019
0.00%
0.2398
0.42%
0.00012018
-4.37%
0.0014406
-0.95%
0.1447
-3.21%
0.8158
-2.67%
0.039651
-6.18%
0.09915
0.28%
0.136800
0.59%
1.6780
0.44%
1.1667
-4.91%
0.1093
9.41%
0.4619
1.87%
0.9311
-0.28%
0.0010748
-1.71%
0.003242
1.73%
126.9800
-0.72%
2.404
0.38%
0.0003291
-6.51%
0.2932
-1.58%
0.01508
-0.13%
1.1571
-0.89%
1.0466
-0.32%
1.1400
0.00%
0.3402
-2.97%
0.00000000011
-62.07%
1.4545
-1.01%
0.0006215
-0.24%
0.007216
-3.02%
0.00055363
0.36%
94.3715
0.10%
0.0121
0.00%
0.00380845
1.08%
0.6642
-0.09%
0.01006
0.10%
233.66
-1.95%
0.00353418
-0.79%
0.126972
-17.34%
2.1128
0.27%
0.004534
0.44%
0.00740
0.41%
0.1502
0.74%
0.00816
-0.24%
0.0004954
-1.49%
2.2594
-30.58%
65.1212
0.32%
0.7884
3.60%
0.8435
-0.31%
0.21975
-7.26%
0.7806
9.63%
16.5625
-11.96%
0.20069
0.46%
0.005477
4.76%
58.5600
71.75%
0.0003888
-4.73%
0.1317
12.47%
0.80109
2.24%
0.1984
4.64%
7.7963
0.09%
0.6954
2.54%
2.8063
-0.88%
0.000000415
6.41%
0.03611
-0.82%
0.0364
-1.36%
0.0001054
1.84%
0.00005195
3.57%
0.007150
4.17%
0.2415
-0.41%
0.03590
-7.71%
1.5653
-3.04%
0.007998
-7.40%
0.001698
-0.70%
0.010987
-3.56%
0.56
-15.15%
0.00445
-2.41%
0.0007008
-3.71%
30.7644
1.13%
0.0000000000064
-15.79%
0.0000259
-94.89%
0.1735
15.67%
3.8439
-0.02%
558.97884
9.19%
0.57309
-2.59%
0.0348
0.87%
0.06096
4.71%
0.0002003
-6.45%
0.000009041
1.58%
0.00002563
-9.75%
0.002360
-0.63%
0.00000948
-2.07%
242.9600
-0.65%
0.027503
0.74%
0.242
-2.02%
0.00094820
1.05%
0.026464
1.00%
0.5204
0.46%
0.00000941
0.43%
0.111308
-0.01%
0.000961
-3.22%
0.000710
-8.74%
0.001518
2.02%
3.8316
112.51%
0.000006236
-3.90%
0.0580
-2.36%
0.46804
-0.69%
0.00000000000003
-66.67%
0.1471
-0.07%
0.0003329
-11.18%
0.0025099
-0.09%
0.001544
4.04%
0.3205
0.16%
0.017489
24.90%
0.000832
-5.78%
2952
0.00%
0.00004381
-0.05%
0.022000
-18.52%
0.9997
-0.03%
0.0024578
2.10%
0.00338
-2.31%
0.4584
9.61%
0.00751
0.67%
0.02134
6.65%
0.00009373
-6.50%
0.0224
-7.05%
0.000001506
14.52%
0.025008
-1.10%
0.7500
8.70%
0.00012855
-0.34%
0.002504
4.33%
0.1231
-3.30%
0.2243
-25.26%
0.002292
0.88%
0.16815
0.49%
0.11739
-7.93%
0.000180
0.00%
0.06515
-10.78%
0.00897
-9.67%
0.00377
-5.99%
8.9022
0.00%
0.1008
0.00%
0.09189
7.07%
3.4830
1.52%
0.606
-3.35%
0.009319
-4.04%
0.00004082
-0.12%
0.2243
0.27%
0.001122
-9.73%
0.1801
-3.02%
0.4867
-1.00%
128.50
-5.58%
0.02477
0.94%
0.21877
2.81%
1.2248
-3.51%
0.011562
-8.72%
0.054850
0.34%
0.00004390
-7.54%
0.127800
-1.31%
1.2878
15.50%
0.0022965
-0.14%
0.024532
-0.01%
0.003836
-0.98%
5.5197
-4.17%
0.00003915
-0.33%
0.00291
-3.00%
0.000416
0.24%
0.003690
-0.35%
261.004
0.39%
0.10504
-1.91%
0.0021029
-3.36%
0.003582
-3.06%
0.03213
-2.22%
18.00
0.61%
0.08124
5.03%
0.25251
-0.25%
0.01843
1.15%
0.358824
-0.23%
13.50
-11.59%
0.08899
-1.47%
0.072267
-0.73%
0.00000598
-2.45%
0.1521
-5.29%
0.00024666
-0.59%
0.00632
2.43%
0.0000192
0.52%
0.001509
3.50%
449.5
9.26%
0.11358
-8.84%
0.4629
2.03%
0.006215
20.59%
0.000003594
9.54%
3.504
13.88%
0.03335
0.18%
0.06659
38.21%
0.0008149
2.68%
0.02395
4.18%
0.4129
-1.48%
0.02814
-16.77%
0.1037
0.58%
12.17
-2.41%
0.011278
0.89%
0.001979
-3.60%
0.2289
2.83%
0.04641
20.67%
0.71003
6.26%
0.002166
-3.39%
0.00447
1.82%
0.2800
33.27%
0.08801
3.74%
0.6693
-0.39%
0.000009653
-0.86%
1.731
1.11%
0.00572
13.04%
0.00001055
0.96%
0.02241
4.92%
0.2101
31.31%
6.26
-3.25%
4.4785
-0.77%
6.0451
70.20%
0.0817
0.37%
0.000000000000019
-78.89%
0.00001539
0.20%
0.00153
-2.55%
95.265
0.28%
0.06120
0.00%
0.004007
4.19%
0.002175
-15.80%
8.4224
-36.34%
0.00961
1.26%
3.292
4.77%
0.3585
-7.44%
11.0018
26.46%
0.0001003
-22.49%
0.00092
37.31%
0.00011496
14.34%
0.01012
5.64%
0.000002526
0.80%
0.0000634
0.79%
0.000792
-3.06%
0.1276
0.63%
0.9093
-0.19%
0.0005535
0.07%
2.9954
4.23%
0.00273
-6.19%
0.00050
0.00%
0.01777
3.01%
0.003002
-0.27%
0.3444
3.21%
0.1813
22.01%
0.0696
-2.79%
0.2547
12.75%
0.3021
0.57%
7.9080
20.67%
0.758
-2.94%
1.04929
-1.09%
0.04890
0.20%
0.00754
-7.26%
0.4989
66.30%
0.000419
-0.24%
0.035213
0.95%
0.009283
-0.13%
0.0077
2.67%
0.00017278
-0.36%
0.01667
-0.06%
1.0069
0.01%
6.4079
0.07%
3.455
5.08%
0.03240
100.12%
1.146
1.60%
0.007424
4.81%
0.000640
-0.31%
1.9207
1.61%
0.000000000595
-1.00%
0.33559
6.28%
0.04619
26.06%
0.00002783
-9.14%
0.020098
-0.35%
0.006620
-0.79%
10.5440
-0.13%
0.4731
-4.90%
0.00203
0.50%
0.00009935
9.91%
0.1094
-0.09%
0.018539
-0.05%
0.002539
28.43%
0.0512
0.00%
0.002492
2.30%
0.5094
0.61%
0.4028
-1.15%
15.57
4.85%
0.000000001636
0.80%
0.02218
0.45%
0.20156
0.79%
0.60003
159.75%
465.5000
6.52%
0.0002429
365.33%
0.0467
-3.51%
0.01832
-0.22%
9.083
-4.85%
0.12509
-0.04%
1.2293
2.45%
0.021684
-0.11%
0.7822
-0.10%
34.1642
0.22%
0.01800
-9.00%
0.0003742
7.47%
4.8486
0.46%
0.00315
-73.24%
0.2291
12.30%
0.0003402
4.10%
0.001869
3.43%
255.64
0.58%
0.0130
1.56%
0.0000000066
-1.49%
0.00005659
-2.62%
0.008659
40.00%
1243
5.79%
24.42
3.39%
0.4852
1.95%
0.0091650
25.53%
0.00001573
0.38%
0.000417
3.47%
2.9999
-0.05%
0.9235
2.37%
0.001200
-23.42%
2.1111
0.00%
1.148
3.89%
0.017521
-13.43%
0.013043
-0.22%
0.09897
8.73%
0.2635
1.89%
1.344
-1.10%
0.00006696
0.47%
0.00366
-28.52%
0.000000001482
3.20%
0.0000286
10.42%
0.000613
4.25%
1.0401
2.28%
0.02265
8.84%
0.03193
-11.62%
0.000551
-9.67%
0.1946
0.57%
0.00073
0.00%
0.00375
-25.89%
1.5988
-0.05%
0.25545
-0.93%
8.6021
22.81%
0.000113
8.65%
0.00000179
-2.72%
10.32
-6.86%
0.0075
0.00%
0.4001
3.12%
1.0002
-0.03%
0.0018
0.00%
0.6421
3.97%
0.3236
3.12%
0.00000000003900
-12.32%
0.0656
44.18%
0.0000880
-0.34%
0.03130
-7.34%
1.0162
2.33%
0.006939
-7.85%
0.02161
-5.92%
0.00006400
-34.67%
0.007511
0.76%
0.6090
-0.52%
24.63
5.57%
0.003234
-1.10%
0.00170
-2.30%
0.0116527
4.55%
0.005200
-30.76%
0.002799
-3.45%
0.00131
39.36%
0.0161
29.84%
3.421
5.39%
0.0953
44.39%
0.4364
-0.02%
0.029994
-0.02%
7.3760
-3.00%
0.6747
0.04%
0.0000000051
4.08%
0.11591
-2.87%
0.005957
1.55%
0.00692
0.00%
1.960667
-1.00%
0.6858
10.81%
1.154
1.41%
0.0000935
-27.01%
0.001773
118.62%
0.00000437
0.00%
0.00001073
-5.04%
0.0007025
21.33%
0.1165
2.10%
0.18169
-0.03%
0.0225
-0.44%
0.2393
2.22%
0.889
1.14%
0.2017
-5.13%
0.003982
25.14%
0.002837
-2.04%
0.00003177
-7.21%
1.393
6.34%
0.2817
-0.84%
0.00830
20.29%
0.21508
16.82%
0.000504
-0.20%
0.005152
3.52%
2.5501
-0.74%
0.036885
-2.87%
0.03079
9.57%
0.001902
24.80%
0.01506
27.84%
0.005928
2.76%
0.5660
13.31%
0.00000019038
-0.27%
0.1828
4.40%
0.0139
2.21%
0.001465
-7.51%
1.992
6.64%
0.7636
4.99%
0.00006626
0.45%
0.015828
-0.72%
0.000483
-2.42%
0.0013
0.00%
0.002733
-17.46%
0.2505
-0.95%
0.000000000026
-7.14%
9.83
8.26%
0.0000281
8.08%
0.03230
1.19%
0.0000001323
0.53%
0.01311
7.28%
0.02381
-6.00%
0.00071
-12.35%
0.00507
-0.20%
1.378
4.63%
4.4025
0.04%
0.00129
-14.00%
0.000000040721
-1.91%
0.004349
18.99%
0.1593
-2.21%
6.941
1.23%
0.0001851
-95.37%
0.005034
16.64%
0.000800
0.00%
0.00167
0.00%
0.001052
5.84%
0.03187
-5.46%
0.01551
-2.39%
0.000000002300
4.55%
0.03749
14.61%
0.04725
6.54%
0.020608
8.77%
0.000999
-3.76%
0.000170
0.59%
0.000485
-25.50%
0.009175
-0.69%
0.05234
12.27%
0.01061
0.09%
0.0006650
11.39%
0.008841
23.82%
1.381
1.62%
2.2953
-3.44%
0.1394
-0.99%
0.007831
47.28%
0.004654
-6.55%
0.00548
-2.49%
0.00000004102
-12.29%
0.01787
-3.14%
0.003721
22.16%
0.6897
0.00%
0.000902
6.37%
0.0524
-2.96%
1.8696
8.44%
0.001666
-4.96%
0.04114
1.36%
0.000033
6.45%
0.0168
0.00%
0.003463
-8.72%
1.0212
29.20%
0.001509
-5.33%
0.1256
4.58%
0.02151
1.03%
0.001209
12.15%
0.01302
7.25%
0.05586
2.68%
0.000400
-0.74%
0.000593
-18.66%
0.010128
-21.46%
0.003508
50.04%
1.9137
-0.42%
0.00000006120
10.87%
1.9456
14.95%
0.000583
4.67%
0.00007380
-0.58%
0.000498
0.61%
0.0005040
2.48%
0.00012987
58.51%
0.7779
1.14%
0.00463250
4.16%
0.0696
-3.20%
36.64
2.03%
0.3195
7.43%
0.001690
9.74%
0.0090
-41.18%
0.003807
-1.37%
0.0000000364
0.55%
0.02582
8.08%
0.2033
1.55%
0.0035480
41.92%
0.005438
-6.27%
0.00575
4.55%
0.0980
0.72%
0.003034
-1.11%
0.02057
20.43%
0.00700
-20.45%
0.002854
4.89%
0.05389
-2.62%
25.06
8.67%
0.001774
-0.28%
0.018128
-0.29%
0.00007471
0.76%
0.000000744
1.92%
0.001597
0.00%
0.4097
-3.19%
0.02565
9.06%
0.000379
-2.32%
0.03777
9.10%
0.0021
-19.23%
0.002912
8.21%
0.1337
1.91%
0.0072
-1.37%
0.07047
17.90%
0.001894
-0.11%
0.4511
0.47%
0.0000001400
0.79%
0.01713
-8.05%
0.02365
-0.34%
0.1546
-0.13%
0.000700
-15.66%
0.003642
0.11%
0.0721
4.04%
0.00823
0.98%
0.01400
-0.14%
0.0616
43.26%
0.05001
0.02%
0.023182
-4.14%
20.80
-0.29%
0.01404
5.96%
166.28
-6.26%
0.000326
-5.51%
0.0001961
-11.07%
0.00001651
-4.35%
2983.37
1.98%
0.0012
0.00%
76.2543
-4.69%
0.0101
-2.88%
0.00000003006
-11.14%
0.1805
0.39%
0.06049
0.00%
0.00197
2.07%
0.000603
-2.11%
0.01794
-0.17%
0.007482
8.14%
0.00482
-4.55%
0.3039
-1.94%
0.001999
13.84%
12.12
3.24%
4.847
4.26%
0.000339
11.88%
0.478
4.37%
0.000523
0.77%
0.001333
20.52%
0.0078
-14.29%
0.3664
1.05%
0.00039770
-0.10%
0.3824
-0.62%
0.002799
0.86%
0.00714
-0.83%
0.1081
1.69%
0.02223
3.01%
0.966
0.94%
0.007696
12.81%
0.000001610
-1.83%
97.4
3.29%
0.001453
-9.75%
26.87
1.13%
1.02706
-0.01%
0.04271
4.22%
0.006478
-4.72%
0.00000000011123
-0.78%
0.0485
7.30%
0.001020
-4.67%
0.2053
-1.91%
0.0000000428
0.94%
0.468
0.43%
0.3184
0.54%
0.4075
6.73%
0.5168
-0.04%
0.3488
2.23%
0.0174
-3.33%
0.03909
-15.83%
0.005224
11.17%
0.0410
7.33%
0.01875
1.35%
0.06217
25.67%
0.751
3.02%
0.3915
4.12%
0.000000659
0.61%
0.07497
-8.11%
2.672
0.75%
0.000000000001
-92.86%
0.00273
-3.53%
19.485
8.22%
1.0885
0.30%
2.6102
26.92%
0.00613
-4.07%
0.001516
15.99%
0.13161
3.39%
0.000121
-5.47%
0.066884
0.91%
0.2541
1.07%
8.074
1.42%
0.2184
-4.13%
0.001684
-1.52%
0.1200
-3.46%
0.06230
0.65%
0.002940
15.75%
0.001524
2.49%
0.002253
-21.03%
22.573
0.33%
0.001921
-1.89%
22.40
2.42%
0.727
-1.49%
4.274
1.42%
0.08588
1.56%
0.0870
1.16%
0.00810
0.37%
0.0849
-5.88%
0.01245
-2.35%
0.00966
-0.10%
0.04505
-7.09%
4.410
1.29%
0.5187
-0.44%
0.0161
13.38%
0.0000120
-15.49%
4.262
-0.14%
0.0004506
9.37%
0.00000435
-20.91%
0.2637
-0.04%
2.344
0.99%
0.6856
-4.98%
0.1676
1.39%
0.0000825
2.36%
0.003400
7.09%
0.77191
1.93%
0.0004100
40.51%
0.455
3.64%
0.00000002022
-5.11%
0.00200
-33.33%
0.0346
9.84%
0.0304
2.36%
0.0001230
-5.38%
0.000925
-8.69%
0.03631
3.07%
0.00930
-4.71%
0.01721
-2.10%
0.2246
1.86%
0.0053130
-2.12%
0.0273
1.11%
0.001705
56.85%
0.000001643
-1.68%
0.0177
-12.81%
0.000878
9.75%
0.0001955
-13.80%
0.0059
0.00%
0.0000774
0.52%
0.0004332
-7.36%
0.0627
2.28%
0.000307
-8.36%
0.00011764
2.17%
121.67
6.68%
0.01935
-0.46%
0.640
-0.78%
0.00680
-11.69%
0.007114
10.33%
0.00098402
36.64%
2.977
2.87%
0.002700
0.00%
4.8926
-4.59%
0.00118
-11.28%
0.02590
-3.29%
1.890
-0.42%
13.08
6.34%
0.01470
1.38%
0.0006580
5.57%
1.185
-0.84%
0.677
0.45%
0.003399
12.92%
0.02015
-0.98%
0.392
4.53%
1.442
-0.96%
0.0050134
0.32%
0.0000000002197
-1.44%
0.0685
2.24%
0.0008977
-1.31%
0.001505
29.74%
0.07140
1.93%
0.0132
0.00%
0.0090
-16.67%
0.02700
0.00%
0.002645
0.84%
0.000299
-1.97%
0.001860
-4.02%
0.00132
-14.84%
0.2087
6.75%
0.00000085
1.19%
0.0000000772
-3.50%
0.00000000002074
-2.26%
0.0000001199
-3.77%
53.80
-0.66%
0.0003217
19.15%
0.934
-0.11%
0.000060
20.00%
0.01315
7.17%
0.007558
24.19%
0.001863
-14.31%
0.003831
-5.59%
0.20304
7.14%
0.0005757
8.07%
0.2707
0.74%
0.2685
1.94%
0.00001776
-4.10%
0.0971
0.00%
0.000157
0.64%
0.01460
2.03%
0.0000142
-0.70%
0.00436107
-5.25%
0.0000391
-6.68%
322.3
0.28%
0.0377
-5.75%
19.81
1.80%
2938.94
1.04%
0.0915
-0.44%
0.1367
27.76%
0.0000000000000203
0.00%
1.277
1.27%
0.01891
2.11%
0.03047
-6.99%
0.000000137
2.24%
0.009000
24.74%
0.006645
-1.38%
0.001190
1.10%
0.004065
7.40%
0.3450
6.58%
0.008550
5.41%
0.1058
6.44%
0.3380
8.54%
0.003098
0.72%
0.00028368
-0.10%
14.689
-4.45%
0.0797
-0.99%
0.4633
-0.24%
0.0000003125
5.11%
0.02380
2.76%
0.2533
3.39%
0.0005227
-0.91%
0.1347
1.51%
0.9746
0.00%
0.4319
-0.35%
0.3850
-1.21%
0.0005829
12.68%
0.016178
-8.61%
2.2481
1.15%
0.01231
1.99%
0.4529
-1.05%
0.009400
-0.01%
0.000000000674
-18.00%
0.00000058
-27.50%
0.00002594
0.86%
0.000000003329
4.06%
0.000000000004305
-37.61%
0.0005941
-7.81%
0.1538
1.65%
0.0800
-58.14%
0.00024049
38.24%
0.004776
-0.87%
0.870
0.93%
0.1384
2.37%
0.0001500
0.00%
9.694
0.19%
0.1707
-1.27%
0.00408
-3.55%
0.001666
12.42%
0.002982
-5.15%
0.0531
-0.19%
0.0019000
-7.77%
0.0166
-0.60%
0.0624
-0.16%
7.38
0.41%
0.0983
2.08%
0.000353
-25.05%
0.00000526
1.54%
0.0195
-4.41%
0.1718
1.00%
10.78
1.70%
0.0603
0.84%
0.0080
-6.98%
0.0988
0.30%
0.7724
0.90%
0.0000771
-19.01%
0.000118
-13.24%
0.0003391
9.32%
0.0066
0.00%
0.0003704
6.99%
0.00000001271
-0.94%
0.0684
0.59%
0.0001298
-42.11%
0.961
1.80%
0.0075
-50.00%
0.00033
-60.24%
0.7906
-15.38%
0.01431
1.20%
0.010633
-1.22%
0.0000090
-3.23%
0.02415
-5.99%
0.0408
1.49%
0.003900
0.00%
92.4998
0.00%
0.000650
-0.15%
0.006818
15.38%
0.9000
38.46%
0.0320
6.31%
0.00032
0.00%
0.00752
5.32%
0.0007451
0.00%
0.0000000275
6.59%
0.02608
9.21%
0.6010
-1.56%
0.02372
4.40%
0.1282
4.14%
19.38
-1.27%
0.07942
-0.10%
0.029113
-1.54%
0.005292
-0.69%
0.0116
4.50%
0.001900
-0.63%
0.956
1.92%
0.002572
5.07%
0.0005464
16.13%
0.00270
42.11%
0.004575
5.95%
0.00000395
1.54%
0.07662
5.13%
0.000918
-1.40%
0.000000000000003
0.00%
0.0680
1.64%
0.0328
4.46%
20.00
-0.05%
0.00443
-3.49%
0.1609
-2.72%
0.0428
-4.04%
0.000000000000004
0.00%
0.7747
3.86%
0.00731
-6.88%
0.6284
3.00%
0.01389
-0.93%
0.002926
7.77%
0.3832
-0.18%
0.002088
6.58%
0.003635
-0.71%
0.000756
18.50%
0.0450
7.91%
0.000000000283
-4.39%
0.00003167
9.06%
1.240
0.65%
0.0000001236
-0.56%
0.0048
4.35%
0.000001839
0.05%
0.0015
-16.67%
0.00408
0.74%
0.000723
0.00%
0.520
1.96%
0.0000002546
-5.14%
0.00000005540
-4.53%
0.1196
2.31%
0.0404
2.28%
0.05091
-0.88%
0.01178
0.17%
0.001479
3.64%
0.000040
14.29%
0.01793
9.06%
0.0280
-9.39%
0.3089
1.61%
0.00000000000217
5.85%
0.00000000000015
7.14%
1.953
0.00%
0.6352
2.83%
0.005061
0.10%
0.2080
0.78%
0.7882
0.00%
0.09424
0.20%
0.001593
-0.50%
0.00000000000290
-21.62%
0.00006102
2.25%
0.04012
-0.55%
0.004820
5.17%
24.00
200.00%
1.593
0.89%
0.000000000587
-19.81%
0.0001563
-0.76%
1.821
2.82%
7.201
0.76%
0.01623
5.18%
0.0000020
-13.04%
0.01278
-2.22%
0.0022956
-7.15%
0.6382
-0.09%
0.0001487
-10.42%
0.1611
-0.49%
0.1376
-0.15%
0.00000000011
22.22%
11.42
0.71%
0.714
2.00%
49.274
-1.13%
3.235
0.25%
0.001441
-7.92%
0.0002222
54.63%
0.2623
-1.43%
0.000026
-18.75%
0.00857
7.26%
0.0000000000000233
-4.90%
23.37
-2.91%
0.00822
11.99%
0.01670
5.76%
0.000818
6.10%
0.719
-2.71%
0.00000318
-21.48%
1.893
-1.51%
0.014000
-2.02%
0.00001660
-4.60%
1.7093
2.65%
0.000000000955
23.87%
0.000122
-21.79%
0.1302
-5.92%
2.187
-0.14%
0.1445
0.28%
0.00000000000419
-3.90%
0.012523
-0.03%
0.000000001157
3.58%
0.0000008627
-1.27%
8.42
-1.06%
0.00006
-50.00%
0.1182
0.25%
0.4363
0.21%
0.000030
-33.33%
0.4103
3.87%
0.000101
3.06%
0.00000000000047
-29.85%
0.03236
1.28%
0.02133
-0.19%
0.0000675
0.00%
0.0000025
-19.35%
0.004712
-62.94%
0.000105
2.94%
0.000281145
9.59%
0.0006
-33.33%
0.04464
2.98%
0.03918
-0.08%
0.00977
4.27%
0.000010
150.00%
0.0000000000006
20.00%
0.01290
16.22%
0.000000000005
-28.57%
0.2418
3.38%
0.0000164
-4.09%
0.0000079
49.06%
19.10
0.69%
0.000000000000001
0.00%
13.23
-2.14%
0.000292
3.91%
0.00000000002001
0.00%
0.000000000000001
0.00%
0.00020
5.26%
0.2574
1.50%
0.00385
-25.24%
0.00000089
-13.59%
0.01859
-3.23%
0.6453
-0.66%
0.000000004967
15.59%
0.000133
-1.48%
0.0000099
3.13%
0.000001999
-23.99%
0.1288
1.26%
0.1215
-0.08%
0.0014
-6.67%
0.000075
87.50%
0.0000760
0.13%
0.00007
0.00%
0.0003
-25.00%
5.718
1.69%
0.00000562
44.10%
0.000128
-0.78%
0.6374
0.36%
0.000000002600
-3.13%
0.3482
-0.14%
0.544
0.00%
0.000000000072
10.77%
0.2472
0.12%
0.0600
-42.86%
0.000000000002191
-3.10%
0.000110
0.00%
110.00
117.39%
1.0282
-0.76%
1.620
0.31%
0.00000009
12.50%
0.05517
-2.73%
0.000000002153
-1.82%
0.0000001
0.00%
0.004164
2.61%
0.0251
-14.92%
0.001472
10.93%
0.000523
0.00%
0.00000000000047
-17.54%
0.00000000000911
-3.90%
0.8250
1.85%
0.0004291
2.68%
0.001422
8.30%
0.00065
58.54%
0.000000000016
0.00%
0.00774
0.91%
0.03886
0.10%
0.0000411
-10.65%
0.001410
-22.10%
0.001025
-26.21%
0.000000000970
-3.29%
0.0077
-9.41%
0.0023
0.00%
0.0004011
-0.50%
0.00224
0.45%
0.0000166
49.55%
0.00033
-15.38%
0.006392
2.63%
0.001726
-3.74%
0.0007
0.00%
0.02268
-2.70%
0.004655
0.00%
0.00000000004010
-10.99%
0.0795
2.85%
0.000023
0.00%
0.00007588
0.00%
0.0000785
-0.13%
0.0000056
0.00%
0.5161
1.06%
0.000093
-1.06%
0.00074999
11.11%
0.0000000040039
0.04%
0.00000416
-0.24%
0.000229
0.00%
0.00775
1.97%
0.007888
0.00%
0.00140
57.30%
0.000000000000001
0.00%
0.0001245
-0.48%
4.104
1.76%
0.00000000000108
0.93%
0.000001889
2.94%
0.000000804
-38.34%
0.000000000989
0.82%
0.0009
-40.00%
0.00000036
-49.30%
0.0001
0.00%
0.00001044
0.00%
0.00000000000124
-4.62%
0.000051
-43.96%
0.0010
-16.67%
0.00022
-31.25%
0.000000000000001
0.00%
0.0000162
4.52%
0.0001400
-3.45%
0.00000146
0.00%
0.000000037
0.00%
0.0011000
-0.05%
0.00000000065
4.84%
2.0001
0.00%
0.000000000001089
-0.82%
0.0551
1.10%
13.24
-0.38%
0.00000000061
8.93%
0.00017
6.25%
0.00815
5.98%
0.001021
0.10%
0.00000000000836
-0.12%
0.0000284
-12.62%
0.000443
0.23%
0.001543
95.07%
0.1301
-0.31%
0.000139
1.46%
0.0031
-42.59%
0.00006000
0.00%
0.000313
0.00%
0.0122
-2.40%
0.01143
22.64%
0.00000008
-38.46%
0.1016
-1.45%
0.1525
-10.29%
0.00000000324944
-7.72%
0.00951
-2.96%
0.00002300
-1.58%
0.1362
-0.51%
0.000037
0.00%
0.003350
-1.47%
0.005816
6.64%
0.00087
50.00%
0.001470
-6.90%
0.000000000075
4.17%
0.000000000500
0.00%
0.00002
-33.33%
0.008511
0.12%
0.0005156
-7.81%
0.0001
0.00%
0.002001
-0.20%
0.00117
-1.68%
0.00048
-4.00%
0.01093
3.31%
0.00006
-40.00%
0.0000000017
-15.00%
0.0080
26.98%
0.000810
0.00%
0.0045
-31.82%
0.000005800
-14.18%
0.00000000015872
0.00%
0.000001
0.00%
0.00300
0.00%
0.000000000026
0.00%
0.0000334
0.00%
0.000256
22.49%
0.00021
0.00%
0.0060
0.00%
0.0022
0.00%
0.000000000129
-47.35%
0.0013
0.00%
0.00010
-16.67%
0.001000
0.00%
0.000331
0.00%
0.000019
0.00%
0.001348
0.00%
0.000216
-0.92%
0.3999
0.00%
0.0011
22.22%
0.00032
0.00%
0.0000000053
0.00%
0.00050
-31.51%
0.00003
0.00%
0.0000017
0.00%
0.00000050
-10.71%
0.000115
0.88%
0.00000006
0.00%
0.00005
0.00%
0.1148
0.79%
0.000001
0.00%
0.00000000000995
0.00%
0.000013
0.00%
0.00001
0.00%
0.0012
0.00%
1.715
1.78%
0.1389
-4.54%
0.11533
0.93%
0.03810
-10.48%
0.5351
5.98%
1.0137
1.09%
0.1304
1.40%
0.005878
-3.00%
0.000720
6.82%
0.0003457
0.12%
0.3225
-0.22%
0.0999
0.00%
0.14735
4.19%
0.002252
21.14%
0.0001705
0.00%
5.763
-3.24%
0.0000356
0.00%
0.1093
-0.91%
0.003422
1.75%
0.0362
1.40%
0.08262
0.00%
0.1175
17.50%
0.3839
1.45%
5.10
6.03%
0.571
-0.87%
0.0959
0.00%
2.000000
0.00%
0.2455
2.94%
0.3771
0.00%
0.5732
0.00%
3.965
1.90%
0.0898
3.34%
0.0787
1.42%
0.000000189
0.00%
0.0000700
0.00%
0.05561
-0.18%
0.0001
0.00%
0.0700
0.00%
0.001318
-0.15%
3.699
0.43%
2.5015
0.00%
3.9889
0.00%
0.0079
-3.66%
0.4424
0.00%
0.1171
-0.59%
0.0682
-0.29%
0.2434
2.44%
0.2482
-1.00%
0.0069
0.00%
1.934
0.00%
0.000999
0.00%
0.0975
0.93%
0.2362
0.51%
0.000100
0.00%
0.0150
0.00%
0.00000010848
0.00%
0.1204
0.00%
2.475
-0.56%
0.000000000001
0.00%
0.00210
0.00%
0.00035
0.00%
0.0010
0.00%
0.000001026
0.00%
0.026075
0.00%
0.0000161
0.00%
0.000023
0.00%
0.00095
0.00%
0.000369
0.00%
0.0000002593
0.00%
0.00003000
0.00%
0.00001584
0.00%
0.0000001013
0.00%
0.00048988
0.00%
0.01890
0.00%
0.00006187
0.00%
0.000137
0.00%
0.001405
0.00%
0.2337
-0.09%
0.000596
-1.81%
0.000902
0.00%
0.0001
0.00%
0.0009
0.00%
0.0560
0.00%
0.000536
1.52%
0.004025
0.00%
0.00010000
0.00%
0.0000000105
0.00%
0.5000
0.00%
0.00000000001680
0.00%
0.001870
0.00%
0.00000011
0.00%
0.0000000050
0.00%
0.00001700
0.00%
0.000000210
0.00%
0.000583
0.00%
0.000317
0.00%
0.1454
0.00%
0.9500
0.00%
0.0104
0.00%
0.000405
0.00%
----
0.001290
0.00%
0.00000029
0.00%
0.0000013446
0.19%
0.000757
0.00%
1.6799
0.00%
0.0900
0.00%
0.000101
0.00%
0.00000000002387
0.00%
0.00000000000010
0.00%
0.00422
0.00%
0.00001
0.00%
0.0011
0.00%
0.0000268
-2.55%
0.00020
0.00%
0.002900
0.00%
0.00006767
0.00%
0.001099
0.00%
0.0281
0.00%
0.0001000
0.00%
0.05056
0.00%
0.9500
0.00%
0.00390
0.00%
0.000006
0.00%
0.00005
0.00%
0.001501
0.00%
0.000141
0.00%
0.001234
0.00%
0.00088
0.00%
0.000453
0.00%
0.0004
0.00%
0.0007
0.00%
0.0240
0.00%
0.0030
0.00%
0.4998
0.00%
0.000363
0.00%
0.0256
0.00%
0.000716
0.00%
0.001200
0.00%
0.000333
0.00%
0.00008338
0.00%
0.001050
0.00%
0.000383
0.00%
0.0786
0.00%
0.001563
0.00%
0.005500
0.00%
1.6349
0.00%
0.055500
0.00%
0.001702
0.00%
0.000999
0.00%
0.001800
0.00%
0.0300
0.00%
0.0130
0.00%
0.0006
0.00%
65.1101
0.00%
3.7189
0.00%
0.000080
0.00%
0.015000
0.00%
4.1000
0.00%
0.0489
0.00%
0.0279
0.00%
0.0745
0.00%
0.002647
0.00%
0.001240
0.00%
0.002101
0.00%
0.3882
0.00%
0.000810
0.00%
0.076250
0.00%
0.0150
0.00%
0.0752
0.00%
0.009589
0.00%
0.0036
0.00%
0.050000
0.00%
0.002699
0.00%
0.1769
0.00%
2.2915
0.00%
0.0000000233
-0.85%
0.000244
0.00%
0.09000
0.00%
0.000940
0.00%
0.0410
0.00%
0.0096
0.00%
0.0110
0.00%
0.000190
0.00%
0.1488
0.00%
0.004992
0.00%
1.76670591
0.00%
0.000399
0.00%
0.0001273
0.00%
0.0364
0.00%
0.0000000000260
0.00%
0.0000002054
0.00%
0.0001
0.00%
0.6700
0.00%
0.00011
0.00%
0.0022
0.00%
0.0010
0.00%
0.2888
0.00%
0.00501
0.00%
0.00395
0.00%
0.2298
0.00%
0.0025
0.00%
0.3515
0.00%
0.00325
0.00%
0.0136
0.00%
0.4900
0.00%
0.9900
0.00%
0.5000
0.00%
0.0134
0.00%
0.88686
0.00%
0.00027
0.00%
0.00037
0.00%
0.00003444
0.00%
1.1760
0.00%
0.1458
0.00%
0.01463
0.00%
0.00901
0.00%
0.4606
0.00%
0.0000032
0.00%
0.00000000131
0.00%
0.012555
0.00%
0.01200
0.00%
0.000751
-8.53%
0.000001000
0.00%
0.00396
0.00%
0.0000008
0.00%
1.3334
-0.71%
0.01300
0.00%
0.0000320
0.00%
0.015001
0.00%
0.00450
0.00%
0.34126
0.00%
0.00155
0.00%
0.0000080
0.00%
0.0009
0.00%
0.1993
0.00%
0.000688
0.00%
0.00227
0.00%
0.03520
0.00%
0.0101
0.00%
2.9000
0.00%
0.000000005
0.00%
0.000658
0.00%
0.00001
0.00%
0.00082
0.00%
0.0007240
0.00%
0.00200
0.00%
0.00000016739
0.00%
0.000021
0.00%
0.0001000
0.00%
0.0307
0.00%
0.3186
0.00%
0.000501
0.00%
0.00038
0.00%
0.000000045
0.00%
0.000000115
0.00%
0.00730
0.00%
0.0001402
0.00%
0.0213
0.00%
0.0900
0.00%
0.00006
0.00%
0.0001
0.00%
0.001029
0.00%
0.01000
0.00%
0.00270
0.00%
0.00201
0.00%
0.006003
0.00%
0.000401
0.00%
0.18
0.00%
0.0000269
0.00%
0.0000996
0.00%
0.0000000500
0.00%
0.0000001300
0.00%
0.0000001
0.00%
0.0001300
57.58%
0.0000260
0.00%
0.000426832
0.00%
0.00005900
0.00%
0.17800
0.00%
0.0000000000001
0.00%
0.00013
-7.14%
0.5445
0.00%
0.0290
0.00%
0.0000141
0.00%
0.000000000000001
0.00%
0.000000000000001
0.00%
0.0001490
0.00%
0.000000000000001
0.00%
0.00000000000001
0.00%
0.000000000000001
0.00%
0.00000000000000056
0.00%
0.00075
0.00%
0.00000000010
0.00%
0.00002000
0.00%
0.00000000000084
0.00%
17.0000
0.00%
0.000600
0.00%
0.000000000000001
0.00%
0.000000000000001
0.00%
0.0000000000012
0.00%
0.00000000000005
0.00%
0.000000000000001
0.00%
0.000043
0.00%
0.00000000000010
0.00%
0.00582
0.00%
0.000512
0.00%
7.0000
0.00%
0.000032
0.00%
0.007243
0.00%
0.01334
0.00%
0.0004445
0.00%
0.250
0.00%
0.875
2.10%
0.001269
0.00%
0.0249
0.00%
0.7441
0.00%
0.1351
-2.17%
0.02594
2.29%
18.95
0.11%
0.00500
0.00%
0.00538
0.00%
0.03603
0.78%
0.000000000230
0.00%
4601.03
0.00%
0.0091
0.00%