Exploring the BTC Network: The Operational Mechanism of the Blockchain World

Πηγή: LBankΏρα: 2023-11-21 07:06:02

 

With the rise of digital currencies, Bitcoin (BTC), as the representative of the first blockchain technology, has garnered significant attention. For newcomers to the world of blockchain, understanding how the BTC network operates can provide a better grasp of this emerging technology. This article will delve into the workings of the BTC network, catering to the knowledge of blockchain novices.

Blockchain Basics

Firstly, we need to grasp the fundamental concept of blockchain. Blockchain is a decentralized distributed ledger technology, where data is maintained by multiple nodes, ensuring decentralization and tamper resistance. The Bitcoin blockchain consists of a series of blocks, with each block containing a certain number of transaction records.

Block Generation and Verification

In the BTC network, transactions are bundled into blocks. Miners, participants in the network, are responsible for validating these transactions and packaging them into blocks. To accomplish this, miners must solve a complex mathematical problem known as "Proof of Work" (PoW). This process, commonly referred to as mining, rewards the miner who successfully solves the problem with a certain amount of Bitcoin.


Once a block is successfully mined, it is broadcasted to the entire network. Other nodes verify the legitimacy of this block, ensuring that the transactions within it are not illicit. If the verification is successful, the block is added to the end of the blockchain, creating a new block.

Decentralized Nature of Blockchain

The decentralization of the BTC network is a crucial safeguard for its security and resistance to attacks. Due to its distributed nature, with no single centralized entity controlling the entire network, it becomes challenging to attack. Each node has a complete copy of the ledger, and any attempt to tamper with any part of the data immediately raises alarms among other nodes.

Consensus Mechanism and Block Rewards

The BTC network employs a consensus mechanism to ensure the consistency of the ledger across all nodes. Through Proof of Work, miners compete to solve mathematical problems for the right to generate a block. This process ensures fairness and limits abuse within the network. Block rewards serve as an incentive for miners to participate in mining and also serve as the mechanism for introducing new bitcoins into circulation.

Transaction Confirmation and Decentralized Ledger

Another vital feature of the BTC network is the confirmation mechanism for transactions. Generally, the more times a transaction is confirmed, the less susceptible it is to tampering. This guarantees the security and reliability of transactions. The decentralized ledger system ensures that the entire network does not depend on a single entity, ensuring transparency and traceability of transactions.

The Future Outlook of Blockchain

As blockchain technology continues to evolve, so does the BTC network. In the future, new consensus mechanisms, performance-improving technologies, and broader application scenarios may emerge. For novices, staying informed about the development of blockchain technology, understanding its underlying principles, will help grasp the opportunities in this digital era.


By providing a brief overview of the operational mechanism of the BTC network, it is hoped that readers will gain a preliminary understanding of Bitcoin and blockchain technology. While the knowledge in this field can be complex, a deeper understanding of its fundamental principles will contribute to a better comprehension of the essence of digital currency and decentralized technology.

SpotΜελλοντικά
USDTUSDCLTsBTCETHSTABLECOINS
ΖευγάριαΤιμήΑλλαγή
95468.44
-0.78%
2678.24
-0.94%
650.3
-1.75%
165.37
-6.54%
0.00291
-2.02%
1.0003
0.03%
2.5257
-4.74%
3.655
-2.40%
3.0374
-4.15%
0.4599
-4.74%
4.736
-2.97%
16.18
-5.16%
1.2311
-3.72%
0.001310
-21.88%
0.000956
-16.87%
0.000001382
-11.30%
0.00838
-18.48%
0.0002270
89.17%
0.04060
69.17%
0.01814
179.08%
2.3495
369.90%
0.01429
-84.03%
0.00535
-38.01%
0.0246
-66.39%
0.2781
-21.29%
0.3469
-10.29%
0.02178
-12.91%
0.4449
3.59%
0.000264
-29.22%
0.0004222
-30.68%
1.5442
-8.12%
0.06940
-31.01%
0.0063
-31.52%
0.01090
-30.17%
0.00897
-20.27%
0.45164
1.81%
0.01290
-45.80%
0.0004855
-5.95%
0.012088
671.41%
0.008724
8.63%
0.01409
-26.73%
0.2990
-0.76%
0.051770
-3.25%
0.000257
-36.23%
0.008264
-0.83%
0.0002647
-8.34%
0.008133
0.84%
0.000977
-5.33%
0.611
-10.93%
0.00073
-48.23%
0.01157
-38.46%
10.7658
2.01%
50.7110
-6.36%
0.003352
69.29%
0.01297
-13.93%
0.00962
1.48%
0.003621
88.30%
0.01427
-37.88%
0.0005177
-23.76%
6.953
4.64%
0.000056
0.00%
2.141
8.96%
0.000166
-18.63%
0.07736
-17.04%
0.0000807
0.00%
1253.1144
0.35%
0.000000000008
0.00%
0.15232
-27.05%
155.22562
-1.17%
14598167.6712990
0.15%
55947.90745
4.70%
45.01370
3.35%
0.002102
-20.41%
0.000000000100
-80.00%
13424.73204
-2.68%
3060.0000
0.49%
1755.53315
-5.62%
6661.80103
2.93%
0.25602
-1.55%
3.74452
6.23%
0.00000016902
-6.10%
27.0962
1.70%
0.0000111
23.33%
0.0000006217
3.31%
0.39459
-12.45%
0.0058
-66.28%
0.0000030029
20.12%
0.01894
2.88%
0.08834
-6.20%
0.4679
8.69%
1.99982
-4.60%
10.4540
-0.68%
0.02784
-16.45%
0.6349
-27.61%
7.8928
-2.80%
0.04380
-1.28%
7.0000
-61.74%
0.483208
-3.80%
1.0805
-0.04%
0.218536
9.31%
1.0269
-25.95%
0.229710
-1.59%
0.00003868
-1.58%
0.000035886
-8.96%
0.03230
14.42%
14.3504
-3.75%
2.323099
-0.29%
0.03523
-2.17%
0.00574
4.36%
114.1026
0.00%
0.003447
-16.80%
12.7190
5.71%
0.0031233
0.02%
1.6500
-9.81%
0.0013953
-3.85%
0.9535
1.18%
0.2388
0.42%
0.044724
-3.64%
0.8452
-1.54%
1.3665
-1.63%
0.00010954
-2.81%
0.4614
-2.04%
0.1432
10.75%
0.0999
-8.85%
0.0011066
2.16%
0.138000
1.69%
0.3512
2.15%
0.00199
-32.08%
0.3121
-1.67%
0.0003525
-1.23%
0.16851
3.08%
0.05822
-2.12%
1.1400
0.00%
0.09876
6.28%
1.1588
-0.49%
0.0006197
-0.37%
111.0068
-12.48%
1.4768
-0.42%
0.1172
-1.26%
0.007236
0.88%
94.0660
0.78%
1.0323
0.55%
0.00000920
-6.03%
0.00373763
-0.78%
65.3287
-1.23%
241.66
4.86%
1.13
-0.88%
0.00052417
-4.95%
0.152275
-3.65%
0.6767
-4.78%
0.6666
-7.42%
0.004509
-2.63%
2.0929
-1.33%
0.00817
-0.49%
0.0004976
-5.51%
0.0001031
-11.65%
0.01008
0.30%
1.99
-60.83%
0.009244
-10.88%
2.5003
11.91%
0.003144
-0.44%
0.1523
-0.65%
21.00
-27.54%
2.518
-6.01%
0.8419
0.21%
0.001744
2.65%
0.27059
-0.16%
0.00353609
-8.86%
0.01508
-0.13%
0.00094486
1.76%
0.006735
-27.35%
0.005164
1.39%
0.00690
-1.85%
0.19200
-2.79%
0.0119
0.00%
0.009635
-7.99%
0.0150
7.14%
0.0344
-1.99%
0.00005031
-0.36%
0.1881
-2.74%
0.000000391
-3.22%
2.8020
0.99%
0.0003458
-10.18%
0.0370
-3.14%
0.00453
0.00%
1.6221
0.53%
15.7782
28.80%
0.03860
-3.50%
0.76083
-4.68%
0.2423
0.87%
0.00003983
0.33%
0.7420
-8.25%
0.000410
-3.30%
7.7763
0.12%
0.0007667
-29.26%
0.00000000000004
-80.00%
571.96909
-44.66%
0.027091
-0.72%
0.0007279
2.52%
0.03275
-0.15%
0.5146
2.51%
0.0002158
-14.70%
0.25068
-2.28%
3.8410
0.19%
0.47161
0.34%
0.00002756
5.80%
0.1471
-0.14%
246.1300
0.26%
0.234
-2.50%
0.03659
-3.66%
0.0621
-3.72%
0.001540
-1.28%
0.000904
-2.38%
0.002900
10.86%
0.08753
-1.50%
1.2895
-1.00%
0.07890
-9.85%
0.0003672
-6.61%
0.00000955
-4.79%
0.12900
11.97%
0.111327
0.03%
0.00004383
0.00%
0.1307
-0.76%
131.51
5.47%
0.026355
0.73%
0.0025029
0.07%
1.0004
0.05%
0.000008929
-15.13%
0.000001296
-4.50%
0.007640
8.35%
0.02192
-8.70%
0.00333
-4.58%
0.00000000042
-20.75%
0.002301
-4.09%
0.001560
-7.09%
0.0024176
-1.17%
0.0240
-3.23%
0.4179
-0.31%
0.2619
-18.49%
0.00012930
-5.57%
0.03247
-17.59%
8.9016
0.01%
0.000006512
-1.33%
0.013041
-3.46%
0.00402
-2.19%
0.002159
-6.50%
0.000981
2.08%
0.054892
0.00%
0.129200
1.89%
3.4451
-0.90%
0.00943
2.72%
0.4821
-6.73%
0.00437
-5.82%
0.00005055
-2.21%
0.609
-2.56%
0.2214
-3.45%
0.02431
-1.90%
5.9774
-0.87%
0.002007
-4.56%
0.2245
-13.42%
0.024537
0.01%
30.6213
0.89%
0.0022974
0.03%
0.003811
-3.81%
0.026500
55.88%
0.009873
-22.05%
0.09059
-1.51%
0.1606
-0.74%
0.1832
0.33%
0.03388
-9.89%
0.04808
10.89%
0.00025553
2.33%
0.57358
-3.49%
16.58
-3.04%
0.4608
-7.78%
0.00611
-4.38%
0.012714
-6.73%
0.00009148
-2.60%
0.0007937
0.86%
2.974
-6.42%
0.001450
-4.48%
0.0021460
-6.73%
0.003593
-1.10%
0.00001530
-6.65%
0.01801
0.17%
0.069552
-5.48%
0.00001512
-2.89%
0.1008
-0.49%
0.1027
-0.29%
0.0000191
-0.52%
0.001220
19.73%
80.0130
37.85%
0.00000607
-6.33%
0.000000001587
-2.88%
0.359830
-0.32%
0.00683
-8.32%
0.003530
-3.05%
0.9153
2.51%
1.1806
-3.58%
0.002457
-0.57%
0.000003274
0.15%
1.960667
-13.21%
0.010745
0.88%
418.2000
-6.46%
0.02377
-0.42%
1.06846
-2.22%
0.7005
-9.53%
0.00507
3.47%
0.6657
-2.89%
0.04347
14.73%
0.000000001491
-11.25%
0.01215
-3.03%
0.00291
-1.69%
0.12004
-3.04%
2944
0.89%
0.0810
-1.10%
0.02018
-4.81%
0.6200
0.15%
0.00897
-9.49%
0.000009546
-4.11%
0.0000000053
0.00%
0.031000
-11.43%
0.002996
-0.60%
17.60
-6.08%
0.00865
-23.04%
5.2097
-6.99%
0.00011688
-0.33%
0.3848
-0.23%
0.00157
-5.42%
0.07909
-9.64%
0.00004107
0.93%
0.04505
14.40%
0.000938
19.64%
4.5621
-0.29%
370.9
3.31%
0.00502
36.78%
0.00050
0.00%
0.01847
0.00%
0.00001025
-12.84%
0.10186
-2.26%
0.001551
-4.96%
0.01743
-28.00%
1.8691
0.17%
0.02059
-5.20%
0.01683
5.52%
0.03792
-10.01%
0.0000628
-0.63%
0.9030
-0.97%
0.00302
3.42%
0.0005528
0.05%
262.700
0.65%
0.4129
-9.19%
0.685
-11.27%
1.724
-5.22%
0.003491
-7.62%
34.6656
18.79%
13.1962
-0.51%
0.31733
-11.46%
0.034605
-0.79%
0.04881
-0.10%
0.000418
20.46%
91.546
2.29%
6.4103
0.06%
0.00017128
-0.96%
2.8619
0.02%
0.8294
0.36%
4.7791
-1.84%
0.008023
6.55%
0.7001
-7.72%
0.2996
-4.77%
0.02436
-8.56%
0.018804
-1.71%
0.000640
0.31%
0.000000000597
-1.97%
0.01806
29.74%
0.006852
1.50%
0.0072
-1.37%
0.008588
-0.98%
0.1460
0.14%
0.000002434
-4.06%
0.5969
-33.68%
0.020213
0.13%
0.00063
-4.55%
1.0162
-0.48%
3.209
-4.86%
0.00204
0.99%
10.5926
4.18%
0.002916
4.97%
0.20557
-3.07%
0.19823
-0.58%
0.000102
-10.53%
0.01914
-5.57%
0.00994
-6.05%
0.002270
6.82%
2.4669
-12.47%
0.001948
-10.56%
0.000800
-11.11%
34.1752
0.04%
0.3252
-2.31%
0.000932
-1.48%
5.77
-1.70%
0.12514
-0.04%
0.022153
0.07%
0.06100
-2.40%
0.4276
-0.16%
7.5541
3.77%
0.0000000067
-2.90%
0.0001377
4.32%
0.0128
-1.54%
1.0006
0.04%
23.23
-5.65%
0.2303
-12.67%
0.000730
-19.69%
0.000397
-5.48%
8.57
-5.62%
249.29
-3.39%
0.4816
-1.29%
3.0013
0.04%
3.106
-5.19%
10.67
1.33%
1.346
-1.90%
0.34526
-0.96%
0.00620
90.77%
0.00000184
0.00%
0.7478
8.35%
0.4958
-2.73%
0.2843
-2.54%
0.0002358
-0.21%
0.013057
-0.19%
2.1111
0.00%
0.0522
-5.09%
0.01657
-0.18%
0.004985
8.35%
0.00029098
153.03%
1.0073
-3.00%
0.00006680
-8.72%
0.00003250
-0.03%
0.00074
0.00%
0.4038
0.45%
0.007376
-0.81%
26.30
-1.20%
0.0766
9.90%
0.00010000
-15.80%
1.5991
-0.05%
0.03633
-17.45%
0.000003914
-0.10%
0.00000000004447
-8.31%
0.1311
-6.56%
0.0080
-11.11%
3.2111
-93.70%
0.1918
-1.03%
0.1979
-3.60%
0.003999
-5.82%
0.0014
-6.67%
0.6065
-10.15%
0.0543
-8.43%
0.6129
-0.73%
0.0000833
-0.83%
0.0111712
1.13%
0.003891
-7.18%
0.01530
-8.05%
9.450
-3.50%
0.0602
-30.72%
0.005080
-15.47%
0.725
-4.35%
23.69
-7.32%
0.2170
-6.67%
0.2157
-4.60%
0.00000018883
-3.38%
0.000188
10.59%
0.73600
-17.30%
0.02150
-3.54%
0.038245
-19.05%
0.11885
0.55%
0.12276
-13.45%
0.4995
-0.06%
0.9762
-14.47%
0.001564
-6.96%
0.2399
-12.19%
0.000986
-6.81%
0.3033
-13.69%
0.03278
-10.41%
0.7595
-1.85%
0.03859
-21.04%
0.4943
-6.82%
0.6549
-2.36%
0.3992
-1.46%
0.016424
350.34%
0.0005556
-3.88%
0.0139
-2.80%
0.0139
6.11%
0.01780
-6.71%
0.000786
-15.39%
1.125
-5.62%
0.71268
-2.55%
0.04567
-40.56%
0.4226
1.95%
0.0231
-0.43%
0.00686
1.63%
0.00000085
-2.30%
0.01185
-0.50%
0.0000259
-1.52%
0.005629
4.57%
0.00000439
-0.23%
0.006521
-2.82%
0.0153
-2.55%
0.00000000011130
-8.70%
0.2901
-3.30%
0.000599
-12.94%
0.000506
-0.20%
92.4999
0.00%
0.00007199
-5.36%
0.00005604
-8.25%
0.0004846
-14.98%
0.001157
-15.24%
1182
10.16%
1.095
-6.25%
0.4249
0.00%
0.0000258
-15.69%
0.0659
-25.20%
0.005796
-3.09%
0.0001338
-26.08%
0.03755
0.37%
0.2569
0.04%
0.0532
-10.29%
2.5537
-1.16%
0.0766
0.00%
0.02343
-17.56%
0.00006437
3.97%
0.000775
-11.73%
0.0001895
-6.97%
0.03303
0.92%
3.239
-2.67%
0.00094
-23.58%
0.0169
-6.11%
0.00507
-0.78%
0.3584
-7.10%
0.2200
-4.01%
0.000651
-4.82%
0.0001380
-8.00%
0.00179
-3.24%
0.001522
2.91%
4.4010
0.00%
0.000732
-35.16%
0.000000041552
-1.16%
0.000790
-5.95%
1.0853
-1.33%
0.009231
0.80%
4.522
-5.97%
14.218
-9.12%
0.003222
-8.57%
0.0960
-3.61%
0.00148
-1.33%
11.46
-6.60%
0.00000005470
-18.96%
1.6562
-0.63%
13.70
-6.04%
4.136
-11.15%
0.001850
-3.09%
94.1
-3.29%
0.5050
-6.36%
0.006207
-6.58%
0.00583
-7.75%
0.2183
-3.32%
1.9299
-0.84%
0.05767
-24.38%
0.000507
-14.79%
0.00814
-10.75%
6.714
-3.48%
0.016196
-3.79%
0.0000001352
7.47%
0.04060
-4.02%
0.04084
-0.12%
0.005738
-2.94%
0.004447
-46.42%
0.2542
-5.40%
0.00000003535
13.67%
0.00072
-6.49%
4.7382
-3.50%
0.001870
-4.79%
0.0870
-7.35%
0.005304
-20.80%
0.0004208
-22.90%
0.6880
-0.20%
0.002571
-1.15%
0.0000000002227
-4.83%
0.020000
-7.15%
1.961
-2.24%
52.54
-3.81%
0.1620
-9.14%
0.02301
-0.99%
4.117
-4.68%
0.000850
-14.40%
0.1020
-5.29%
0.00000002086
-15.03%
0.4381
-2.01%
0.005872
-19.19%
0.018685
-7.86%
0.000404
-0.74%
0.2871
-5.37%
0.662
-6.63%
312.5
-3.22%
0.2541
-5.29%
0.003000
42.86%
0.002688
-7.02%
0.001826
-19.49%
0.15197
-20.21%
0.0000053
-36.14%
0.001924
-0.88%
0.0004643
-22.80%
0.3097
-5.46%
0.0065013
0.01%
0.000388
-1.02%
0.3056
-5.53%
0.006282
-12.52%
1.236
1.98%
0.000715
-25.91%
0.003033
-0.95%
0.00038976
0.00%
0.000167
-4.02%
0.007801
-5.13%
0.0918
-2.75%
0.01312
-4.44%
0.01112
-15.76%
0.006573
4.33%
0.00142
-12.35%
0.000575
0.35%
0.000521
0.39%
0.0073
1.39%
0.002642
3.57%
11.60
-6.83%
0.0663
-4.19%
0.0000001300
-23.53%
0.002953
-4.09%
3.159
-9.46%
0.3026
2.54%
0.020260
9.51%
0.003640
0.05%
0.09102
-8.06%
18.43
-1.97%
0.0005401
-19.82%
0.07288
20.42%
0.01400
4.24%
0.01332
-40.22%
1.257
-8.58%
0.0012
0.00%
0.01780
4.22%
0.1404
-5.45%
0.02107
1.30%
0.01455
-33.83%
0.00780
-13.62%
0.0102
6.25%
0.03131
-5.18%
0.01507
-6.63%
0.00000004566
-4.74%
0.2445
-6.07%
0.001230
10.91%
0.003169
-33.66%
0.849
-4.28%
2.863
-1.07%
0.025257
12.33%
0.00929
-3.23%
0.3302
-6.14%
0.013579
3.04%
0.000512
62.03%
0.002994
2.67%
2905.87
-1.62%
0.00508
1.80%
0.000542
-17.75%
0.09256
-15.25%
1.236
-6.29%
0.00650
-10.47%
1.0509
-2.71%
0.00799
6.82%
0.001660
-9.49%
0.001543
11.49%
0.0000778
0.26%
0.3548
-8.96%
1.888
-6.53%
0.1749
-11.93%
0.736
-6.84%
0.2014
-2.19%
0.000744
-0.93%
0.6253
-3.90%
7.987
-0.73%
20.09
-2.62%
7.2000
15.68%
0.011124
-20.35%
0.000000770
-12.70%
0.00938
-22.09%
0.00633
-7.73%
1.067
-5.41%
9.763
-0.08%
0.05340
-7.48%
0.02353
5.28%
0.00000499
-2.16%
0.005951
-8.49%
1.02725
0.00%
0.00001824
1.56%
0.004585
-13.47%
4.125
-5.56%
0.2672
-0.30%
0.003849
-14.05%
0.0292
-1.68%
0.0000001282
2.31%
0.05800
18.37%
0.065493
-0.07%
0.00514
-18.93%
0.0003214
-3.86%
0.0050764
-0.30%
0.00797
-4.44%
0.0004205
-33.45%
0.0057
0.00%
0.00424501
-12.87%
0.02506
-4.57%
0.05173
-5.03%
0.1232
-5.52%
0.0093
2.20%
2.614
-3.51%
0.08335
-5.67%
0.0000000382
3.80%
2.0565
-4.35%
0.01865
-6.05%
0.00191
-5.45%
18.89
-5.17%
0.001028
-22.76%
0.01890
-6.62%
0.000719
-7.94%
0.0108
3.85%
0.03129
-22.63%
0.004786
-12.42%
0.01271
-17.41%
0.0009131
0.78%
0.000947
-13.04%
0.000975
-21.43%
1.6415
-8.98%
0.3439
-5.24%
0.000000000029
7.41%
0.001486
-16.38%
0.0000000427
-10.67%
0.000359
-40.27%
0.03493
-4.38%
0.0026
4.00%
11.55
5.19%
0.0168
-6.15%
0.00021
-4.55%
0.000001845
-5.96%
0.0385
-5.41%
0.003690
3.33%
0.444
-5.73%
0.4221
-3.21%
34.05
-6.84%
0.010201
-2.90%
6.4256
5.67%
0.634
-5.37%
0.02278
-8.18%
0.1163
-1.69%
0.01664
-12.51%
0.02293
-12.65%
0.000000046
-69.33%
0.000441
0.00%
0.01109
-14.23%
0.0000800
-4.88%
0.001006
-12.98%
0.003570
-15.92%
10.39
-3.71%
0.6062
-4.13%
0.000128
-3.76%
0.3894
-0.08%
0.0719
4.96%
0.005341
-3.56%
0.006482
-13.84%
0.002676
0.45%
0.0000003008
-15.65%
0.0002291
-11.75%
0.03186
-20.05%
0.003536
0.45%
0.0000000780
-7.69%
0.01210
-6.13%
0.001869
-12.25%
0.0293
-4.25%
0.000328
-1.80%
0.0002720
-14.20%
0.005522
-7.02%
0.1169
-4.96%
0.0158
-8.14%
0.01397
-0.99%
0.08384
-4.14%
0.001239
-28.71%
0.0024700
75.43%
0.01402
-4.23%
0.02662
-3.79%
0.1016
-2.50%
0.3896
-1.17%
0.001610
-7.74%
0.0049915
2.22%
0.00000000090
50.00%
0.0011005
-8.30%
0.004065
-4.17%
1.9905
-3.77%
0.00000076
-17.39%
0.003199
-0.31%
0.000047
62.07%
0.0003264
-8.60%
0.007670
-13.16%
0.002404
-7.25%
0.17862
-5.58%
0.1261
-5.97%
6.993
-8.59%
0.00001107
-2.64%
0.0000439
-8.16%
22.46
-3.56%
0.0313
-30.13%
0.0005263
-22.72%
0.0007874
4.40%
0.00283
-10.73%
0.00763
-7.18%
0.0000008515
-3.64%
0.1408
-9.80%
0.2631
-6.47%
0.003794
-6.76%
0.2634
-8.35%
0.00702
-5.77%
0.01644
-11.57%
0.0000000000000203
-4.69%
0.001054
-11.73%
0.1099
-10.65%
0.002833
-12.72%
0.00156
0.65%
0.00000000000006
-40.00%
0.2130
-7.55%
19.53
-0.56%
0.7363
-8.03%
0.017884
-14.89%
7.21
-6.61%
0.01825
-7.87%
0.002627
-10.37%
0.0000119
-21.71%
177.18
-2.28%
0.8879
5.46%
0.00849
-17.97%
0.000932
-3.92%
0.00270
47.54%
0.1241
-5.56%
0.0706
-20.32%
0.004109
-22.71%
0.0994
-9.22%
0.000778
-15.80%
112.50
-2.98%
0.0422
10.47%
0.0671
-4.42%
0.01761
0.34%
0.5230
-6.77%
0.6284
-3.14%
0.001486
-27.41%
0.009401
1.46%
0.859
-3.27%
0.02383
-0.25%
0.7884
-0.15%
0.370
-5.85%
0.000136
-2.86%
0.00028395
-11.38%
0.492
-4.47%
0.001666
4.19%
0.683
-6.69%
1.728
-0.63%
0.03122
-9.69%
0.0000675
-8.66%
0.00955
-8.08%
0.002545
-16.39%
3.643
-0.11%
0.000001610
-10.56%
0.003242
4.41%
0.0005703
-6.03%
0.0000001229
-1.05%
0.00003551
1.46%
0.000000000001000
-85.56%
0.1324
-4.54%
0.000291
-2.02%
18.92
-1.10%
0.0404
-7.76%
0.0581
-7.19%
0.1480
-5.31%
0.00000001229
-6.25%
0.000054
-6.90%
0.0950
-6.59%
0.1614
-3.18%
0.0259
-9.12%
0.5985
-4.47%
22.558
-1.69%
0.0004553
-2.90%
17.0000
6.25%
0.00001045
0.00%
0.04034
-0.91%
0.001800
-27.51%
0.0106
1.92%
0.18022
0.12%
0.0134
2.29%
0.0000021
-27.59%
0.003221
-16.10%
0.0963
-4.65%
0.000257445
-20.48%
0.00008075
-4.06%
0.4594
-3.08%
0.000000631
-4.39%
0.000000002726
0.44%
8.35
-2.34%
0.0194
-2.51%
0.01058
-71.79%
0.0056
-3.45%
0.00001636
-4.33%
0.000101
0.00%
0.1668
-6.50%
0.00006913
-4.42%
0.00000000000001
0.00%
0.00011580
-1.38%
0.0001500
-11.40%
0.00791
-10.62%
0.000303
-15.83%
0.000689
-2.68%
0.004786
-0.50%
0.0864
-5.78%
0.00016
-20.00%
0.00002725
-9.80%
0.1615
-6.43%
0.00500000
-9.09%
13.20
-5.24%
0.001848
-17.13%
0.930
-1.38%
0.0354
3.21%
0.1193
-4.79%
0.1478
-7.51%
0.1327
-6.35%
0.0304
-5.59%
0.02275
-7.18%
0.00000000000001
0.00%
0.00002550
-2.86%
0.003039
-9.80%
0.3999
-0.03%
0.0353
-6.37%
0.000000000001
0.00%
0.000817
-46.29%
1.926
-0.82%
0.0437
-7.42%
2899.76
0.07%
0.9926
-3.44%
0.00536
7.20%
0.802
-2.20%
0.3563
-1.27%
0.04216
-8.23%
0.5981
-7.57%
5.0221
-8.99%
0.924
-2.12%
0.00486
-18.18%
0.4244
-26.46%
0.0138
-4.17%
0.0940
-5.53%
0.921
-1.29%
1.886
-2.88%
0.000723
-4.37%
0.0000825
50.00%
0.00050
-48.45%
0.0000000000025
-67.11%
0.00101
-22.31%
0.000001835
-1.87%
1.224
-3.24%
0.1193
-6.65%
0.001770
-11.32%
0.07916
-4.28%
0.00730
2.82%
0.000000003249
-5.30%
0.4517
-1.22%
0.0005013
-3.61%
12.96
-5.12%
0.02216
-5.74%
0.00059
-80.78%
0.2334
-8.90%
0.484
-6.74%
0.1239
-0.48%
0.3697
-6.90%
0.000612
-7.83%
49.718
-0.96%
0.000000000000001
0.00%
0.00007
-12.50%
0.0048
0.00%
0.000000000826
9.99%
0.003950
-4.50%
0.001442
-10.43%
0.05977
-6.11%
0.0003378
-4.55%
0.0668
-5.25%
0.00135
-51.79%
0.1070
-0.74%
0.1372
-8.96%
1.0258
-5.40%
0.2969
-4.93%
0.00583
0.17%
0.0607
-4.56%
0.00000000000290
36.15%
0.00000000000015
-16.67%
0.0001500
-55.48%
0.0000000040030
-30.98%
0.06121
-6.38%
0.0005193
-10.40%
0.1517
-6.30%
0.00001533
-8.64%
0.2518
-1.95%
0.0002708
-3.94%
0.09000
-14.29%
0.000001601
-4.47%
0.000035
-7.89%
0.000121
-8.33%
0.004760
-6.54%
0.0830
-9.39%
0.2269
-6.08%
0.25104
-9.46%
0.1038
-1.24%
0.0101
23.17%
0.424
-9.40%
0.3162
-2.11%
0.0206
-2.83%
0.000040
-4.76%
0.000000000285
-5.63%
0.000075
-23.47%
0.001548
-2.89%
0.1090
0.00%
0.000000001201
1.69%
0.0000703
-41.02%
0.0000002651
-4.81%
0.0392
-3.45%
0.001368
-11.40%
0.000000000000001
0.00%
0.000000000230
27.78%
0.8100
-49.38%
0.0005
-50.00%
0.001552
-24.73%
0.00000000000367
18.39%
0.04878
4.54%
0.004814
-4.41%
2.192
-0.50%
0.00000010848
-9.93%
10.92
-3.70%
0.0012
-69.23%
0.0000000264
-2.58%
0.2006
-5.69%
0.012524
-0.01%
1.366
-3.26%
0.00000336
-0.30%
8.00
124.09%
0.01363
-11.95%
0.000000000001091
1.21%
21.39
-3.78%
0.0003116
-8.68%
2.247
0.00%
0.000619
-12.20%
0.0000167
-2.91%
0.05542
3.98%
1.745
-3.59%
0.0290
133.87%
0.1264
-4.75%
0.0136
-11.69%
0.001310
-12.55%
0.00000000002131
5.60%
0.0000000235
1.73%
0.0009
0.00%
0.00005731
-3.52%
0.952
-4.42%
0.0014
0.00%
0.000113
-9.60%
0.0005247
-3.67%
0.001810
-0.17%
0.000110
-5.17%
0.012555
-58.29%
0.0387
-1.28%
0.0446
-6.69%
0.01106
0.55%
0.003900
0.00%
0.00220
-8.33%
0.00017
6.25%
0.0014
-6.67%
0.00039
0.00%
0.0001650
-7.82%
0.00000000000140
21.74%
0.000134
0.00%
0.00031
-8.82%
0.0000000000000240
3.45%
0.000000000000001
0.00%
0.000094
0.00%
0.1180
-2.48%
0.000000000002309
-2.90%
0.0076
-24.00%
0.0000419
0.24%
0.00000000000133
0.76%
0.000000000016
-15.79%
0.00095
3.26%
0.0004044
-14.14%
0.03162
-2.86%
0.00001
0.00%
0.2333
-5.32%
0.1363
3.26%
0.00000000000922
-5.73%
0.3732
-4.41%
0.000128
-3.03%
0.002667
-11.95%
0.03882
2.45%
0.0753
-3.83%
0.01308
-1.58%
0.001890
-5.07%
0.1450
-0.55%
0.0111
1.83%
0.000000000065
-14.47%
0.05511
-5.34%
0.0001
0.00%
0.000001320
-0.68%
0.1165
-3.80%
0.00000000064
20.75%
0.0542
-3.21%
0.052525
0.00%
0.000000000000001
0.00%
0.0410
2.76%
0.001366
-10.60%
0.0000260
-1.52%
0.00000005763
-5.54%
0.00000498
-6.57%
0.000287
-4.65%
0.0000170
-2.86%
0.02368
-3.54%
0.00085
-3.41%
1.539
-5.47%
0.000000045
-41.56%
0.00000106
-2.75%
0.0919
-4.07%
0.001565
-2.43%
1.6466
-1.43%
0.001315
-2.23%
0.00000000000836
0.00%
0.00000000004540
1.54%
0.000000000743
30.81%
23.71
-4.86%
0.00000000002001
-30.21%
0.0000091
-1.09%
0.0174
0.58%
0.1734
16.38%
0.01406
-3.17%
0.000000002185
-0.95%
0.005868
1.86%
0.02509
-3.24%
0.00776
-9.98%
0.00190
-1.04%
0.00000048
-20.00%
0.000000000007
0.00%
0.00758
-6.54%
0.0999
-0.10%
1.465
1.88%
0.002341
-22.64%
0.0000056
0.00%
1.1150
-10.80%
0.000000002100
-4.37%
0.0023
-8.00%
0.00000000009
0.00%
0.00000376
-7.39%
0.1911
-0.05%
0.03921
0.15%
0.0309
1.31%
0.00000000000056
-8.20%
0.0001450
-3.33%
0.000313
-38.63%
0.0008
14.29%
0.1700
42.02%
0.01995
-3.11%
0.000583
0.00%
0.0832
-50.06%
0.00030
-6.25%
0.1302
-1.74%
0.0001
0.00%
0.000244
1.24%
0.00155
0.00%
0.0000161
0.00%
0.0295
0.00%
0.0512
-0.58%
0.008501
7.38%
0.00402
-5.63%
0.000000000973
-1.42%
0.0124
0.00%
0.0022
-35.29%
0.1008
-2.04%
0.1774
-1.17%
0.00038
2.70%
0.00000196
-48.42%
0.00000000000433
-3.99%
0.005996
-7.31%
0.055500
0.00%
0.00000000320541
2.86%
0.000045
0.00%
3.972
-2.74%
0.00000008
0.00%
0.001269
2.34%
0.000000002200
10.00%
0.00000000015872
-0.17%
0.0524
-2.42%
0.004655
0.00%
0.00012
-40.00%
0.01953
-27.53%
0.000001
0.00%
0.001080
-5.26%
0.00000000000068
-1.45%
0.002100
-25.00%
0.000000000766
0.39%
0.0014
-6.67%
0.0000278
-3.47%
0.000004
-33.33%
0.000037
-42.19%
0.000209
2.96%
0.000006
0.00%
0.00150
50.00%
0.00032
0.00%
0.001099
0.00%
0.00121
-3.20%
0.000098
0.00%
0.0013
44.44%
0.0110
22.22%
0.00005
0.00%
0.001050
0.00%
0.0009
50.00%
0.00000011
0.00%
0.0000017
13.33%
0.00001
0.00%
0.000000000040
-11.11%
0.00000006
0.00%
0.000716
0.00%
0.2410
-2.51%
0.1403
-4.04%
0.01818
-4.72%
0.11235
-4.39%
0.04644
0.80%
0.6500
0.00%
0.0003405
-2.52%
0.3236
0.62%
5.580
-4.09%
18.090
-0.76%
0.0008601
0.00%
0.002126
-4.41%
0.14007
-0.19%
0.0001705
0.00%
0.0002000
-13.04%
0.07736
-5.60%
5.874
-0.78%
0.0000306
0.00%
0.0001235
-2.45%
0.003250
-6.61%
0.01268
-7.38%
2.0001
0.00%
4.70
-4.67%
0.582
-1.52%
2.000000
0.00%
0.3771
0.00%
0.5732
0.00%
1.682
-6.03%
3.815
-2.75%
0.06904
-2.02%
0.0771
-0.77%
0.000000189
0.00%
0.0000700
0.00%
0.1775
-7.74%
0.7476
-5.21%
0.0001
0.00%
0.0700
0.00%
0.000002630
0.00%
0.00006000
0.00%
0.000220
0.00%
2.5015
0.00%
3.9889
0.00%
0.1121
-5.72%
0.0083
1.22%
0.4424
0.00%
0.1653
-6.19%
0.0669
-5.24%
0.9746
0.00%
0.2419
-1.14%
0.0069
0.00%
1.934
0.00%
0.000999
0.00%
0.0931
-5.86%
0.00920
-6.03%
0.2276
-4.73%
0.0000204
0.00%
0.4228
-6.40%
0.000100
0.00%
0.0150
0.00%
0.1204
0.00%
2.475
-1.16%
1.211
-0.41%
0.000000000001
0.00%
0.00035
0.00%
0.000000036
0.00%
0.0010
0.00%
0.000001026
0.00%
0.026075
0.00%
0.000023
0.00%
0.001793
-0.06%
0.000369
0.00%
0.0063
0.00%
0.0060
0.00%
0.0000002593
0.00%
0.00003000
0.00%
0.00001584
0.00%
0.0000001013
0.00%
0.00048988
0.00%
0.00006187
0.00%
0.000137
0.00%
0.001405
0.00%
0.2341
0.04%
0.000612
1.32%
0.000902
0.00%
0.0001
0.00%
0.0560
0.00%
0.00007588
0.00%
0.000535
0.38%
0.004025
0.00%
0.00010000
0.00%
0.00000230
0.00%
0.0000000105
0.00%
0.5000
0.00%
0.00000000001680
0.00%
0.001870
0.00%
0.0000000053
0.00%
0.0000000050
0.00%
0.00001700
0.00%
0.000000000500
0.00%
0.000000210
0.00%
0.000317
0.00%
0.1454
0.00%
0.9500
0.00%
0.0025000
0.00%
0.0104
0.00%
0.000405
0.00%
----
0.001290
0.00%
0.00000029
0.00%
0.0000013314
-0.45%
0.000757
0.00%
0.001389
0.00%
0.000178
0.00%
1.6799
0.00%
0.0900
0.00%
0.00000000002387
0.00%
0.00000000000010
0.00%
0.00422
0.00%
0.00003
0.00%
0.0011
0.00%
0.00020
0.00%
0.002900
0.00%
0.00000410
-0.24%
0.00006767
0.00%
0.0120
0.00%
0.00089
0.00%
0.001348
0.00%
0.00167
0.00%
0.0281
0.00%
0.0001000
0.00%
0.000000000072
0.00%
0.05056
0.00%
0.9500
0.00%
0.00390
0.00%
0.001501
0.00%
0.000141
0.00%
0.000024
0.00%
0.000013
0.00%
0.001234
0.00%
0.000229
0.00%
0.00088
0.00%
0.000453
0.00%
0.0066
0.00%
0.0011
0.00%
0.0004
0.00%
0.0007
0.00%
0.0240
0.00%
0.000523
0.00%
0.0030
0.00%
0.031987
0.00%
0.4998
0.00%
0.0000111
0.00%
0.007888
0.00%
0.000363
0.00%
0.0256
0.00%
0.001200
0.00%
0.000333
0.00%
0.00008338
0.00%
0.000383
0.00%
0.00009039
0.00%
0.001000
0.00%
0.0066
0.00%
0.0004
0.00%
0.0786
0.00%
0.001563
0.00%
0.000001
0.00%
0.005500
0.00%
1.6349
0.00%
0.001702
0.00%
0.00000000000995
0.00%
0.000019
0.00%
0.000999
0.00%
0.0300
0.00%
0.0130
0.00%
0.0006
0.00%
65.1101
0.00%
3.7189
0.00%
0.000080
0.00%
0.015000
0.00%
4.1000
0.00%
0.000331
0.00%
0.0489
0.00%
0.0279
0.00%
0.0745
0.00%
0.002647
0.00%
0.001240
0.00%
0.000848
0.00%
0.002101
0.00%
0.3882
0.00%
0.000810
0.00%
0.076250
0.00%
0.0150
0.00%
0.003144
0.00%
0.0752
0.00%
0.009589
0.00%
0.0036
0.00%
0.002699
0.00%
0.1769
0.00%
2.2915
0.00%
0.000091
0.00%
0.000940
0.00%
0.000137
0.00%
0.0004031
0.00%
0.0096
0.00%
0.05491
-1.08%
0.000190
0.00%
0.1488
0.00%
0.004992
0.00%
1.76670591
0.00%
0.0007
0.00%
0.000399
0.00%
0.0001273
0.00%
0.0364
0.00%
0.0000000000260
0.00%
0.0000002054
0.00%
0.6700
0.00%
0.00011
0.00%
0.00001
0.00%
0.00010
0.00%
0.0010
0.00%
0.2888
0.00%
0.00501
0.00%
0.02700
0.00%
0.00395
0.00%
0.0000759
0.00%
0.2298
0.00%
0.0025
0.00%
0.3515
0.00%
0.000650
0.00%
0.4900
0.00%
0.9900
0.00%
0.5000
0.00%
0.009575
0.00%
0.0134
0.00%
0.88686
0.00%
0.00027
0.00%
0.00739
-0.81%
0.00005
0.00%
0.00037
0.00%
0.00003444
0.00%
0.0000325
0.00%
1.1760
0.00%
0.01463
0.00%
0.01542
-3.63%
0.0000141
-3.42%
0.00901
0.00%
0.4606
0.00%
0.002005
0.00%
0.00012
0.00%
0.0000032
0.00%
0.00000000131
0.00%
0.01200
0.00%
0.000001000
0.00%
0.00396
0.00%
0.00002337
0.00%
0.0000008
0.00%
1.3279
1.51%
0.01300
0.00%
0.00300
0.00%
0.0000334
0.00%
0.0000320
0.00%
0.015001
0.00%
0.00450
0.00%
0.34126
0.00%
0.00515
0.00%
0.0000080
0.00%
0.1993
0.00%
0.000688
0.00%
0.00227
0.00%
0.00058
0.00%
0.03520
0.00%
2.9000
0.00%
0.0000031
0.00%
0.000000005
0.00%
0.000658
0.00%
0.01200
0.00%
0.001020
0.00%
0.0000155
0.00%
0.00082
0.00%
0.0007240
0.00%
0.00003
0.00%
0.00200
0.00%
0.00000016739
0.00%
0.000021
0.00%
0.0001000
0.00%
0.000810
0.00%
0.0307
0.00%
0.3186
0.00%
0.000501
0.00%
0.00073
0.00%
0.00035000
0.00%
0.012713
0.00%
0.000000077
0.00%
0.00730
0.00%
0.0001402
0.00%
0.0900
0.00%
0.00006
0.00%
0.0001
0.00%
0.001029
0.00%
0.01000
0.00%
0.00201
0.00%
0.006003
0.00%
0.0001
0.00%
50.60
0.00%
0.18
0.00%
0.0000269
0.00%
0.0000996
0.00%
0.0000000500
0.00%
0.0000001300
0.00%
0.001567
0.00%
0.000105
-11.76%
0.0000001
0.00%
0.0000001
0.00%
0.000000000245
0.00%
0.000426832
0.00%
0.00000013
0.00%
0.00005889
0.00%
0.17800
0.00%
0.0000000020
0.00%
0.0000000000001
0.00%
0.00014
0.00%
0.5445
0.00%
0.0000141
0.00%
0.000000000000001
0.00%
0.000000000000001
0.00%
0.0001490
0.00%
0.000000000000001
0.00%
0.00000000000001
0.00%
0.000000000000001
0.00%
0.00000000000000056
0.00%
0.00075
0.00%
0.00000000010
0.00%
0.00002000
0.00%
0.00000000000084
0.00%
0.000600
0.00%
0.000000000000001
0.00%
0.000000000000001
0.00%
0.0000000000012
0.00%
0.00000000000005
0.00%
0.00423
0.00%
0.000000000000001
0.00%
0.000043
0.00%
0.00000000000010
0.00%
0.003400
0.00%
0.0000786
0.00%
0.00300
0.00%
0.00102014
0.00%
0.00000071
0.00%
0.000032
0.00%
0.01334
0.00%
0.250
0.00%
0.5153
-1.96%
0.852
-2.85%
0.0249
0.00%
0.7441
0.00%
0.1398
-4.83%
0.6360
-1.76%
0.00500
0.00%
0.0022
0.00%
0.00538
0.00%
0.03575
-1.81%
0.7298
-1.44%
0.000000000981
0.00%
0.0015
0.00%
4601.03
0.00%
0.0091
0.00%
0.532
-3.45%