How does Risc Zero implement zkVM technology?

উৎস: LBankসময়: 2025-03-19 01:48:49

How Risc Zero Implements zkVM Technology

Risc Zero is at the forefront of blockchain innovation, utilizing cutting-edge zkVM (zero-knowledge virtual machine) technology to enhance security and privacy in smart contract execution. This article delves into the mechanisms behind Risc Zero's implementation of zkVM technology, exploring its core components and their significance in the blockchain ecosystem.

Understanding Zero-Knowledge Proofs

At the heart of Risc Zero's technology lies zero-knowledge proofs, specifically leveraging zk-SNARKs (Zero-Knowledge Succinct Non-Interactive Argument of Knowledge). These cryptographic proofs allow one party to prove to another that a statement is true without revealing any additional information about that statement.

This capability is crucial for maintaining confidentiality while ensuring trustworthiness. In practical terms, it means that computations can be verified without disclosing sensitive data involved in those computations. For instance, a user can prove they have sufficient funds for a transaction without revealing their entire account balance.

The Role of the Virtual Machine

The zkVM serves as an advanced virtual machine designed specifically for executing smart contracts securely and privately. Unlike traditional virtual machines where all data may be exposed during execution, Risc Zero’s zkVM ensures that sensitive information remains confidential throughout the process.

This secure environment allows developers to create decentralized applications (dApps) with confidence, knowing that their users' data will not be compromised during contract execution. The transparency provided by this system also enables auditing processes without sacrificing user privacy.

Ensuring Security Through Tamper Resistance

Security is paramount in any blockchain platform, especially when dealing with financial transactions and sensitive data processing. By employing zk-SNARKs within its architecture, Risc Zero guarantees that all computations are secure against tampering or unauthorized access.

This tamper resistance is achieved through cryptographic techniques inherent in zero-knowledge proofs which validate operations while keeping underlying details hidden from potential attackers. As a result, users can engage with confidence knowing their transactions are protected against fraud or manipulation.

Pioneering Privacy Measures

The implementation of zero-knowledge proofs directly contributes to enhanced privacy on the Risc Zero platform. Users only disclose necessary information required for specific transactions or verifications—nothing more. This selective disclosure model helps maintain user anonymity while still allowing participation in transparent blockchain activities.

This focus on privacy aligns perfectly with growing concerns over data protection and personal security within digital environments—making Risc Zero an attractive option for users who prioritize confidentiality alongside functionality.

A Scalable Solution for Blockchain Applications

An essential aspect of any successful blockchain platform is scalability—the ability to handle increasing amounts of work efficiently as demand grows. The integration of zkVM technology allows Risc Zero to execute smart contracts swiftly while maintaining high levels of security and privacy.

This efficiency makes it suitable not just for small-scale applications but also large-scale deployments where numerous transactions occur simultaneously without compromising performance or safety standards—a critical factor as industries increasingly adopt blockchain solutions across various sectors such as finance, healthcare, and supply chain management.

Conclusion

Risc Zero’s innovative use of zkVM technology represents a significant advancement in how smart contracts are executed on blockchains today. By harnessing zero-knowledge proofs through robust cryptographic methods like zk-SNARKs within its virtual machine framework, it offers unparalleled security measures alongside strong privacy protections—all while ensuring scalability suited for future growth demands.
In summary: With these features combined into one cohesive system; organizations looking towards adopting decentralized technologies can do so confidently knowing they have chosen a platform built upon principles prioritizing both integrity & discretion!

Technical Study
স্পটফিউচার
USDTUSDCLTsBTCETHSTABLECOINS
জোড়ামূল্যপরিবর্তন
84882.73
0.67%
2016.52
1.20%
623.2
-0.65%
133.67
2.32%
0.00254
-2.31%
1.0001
-0.02%
2.4117
0.76%
3.691
2.16%
2.2912
0.17%
0.3727
1.14%
4.473
0.27%
11.01
0.00%
0.6921
-4.27%
0.000778
10.20%
0.000694
-2.53%
0.000001297
3.93%
0.00437
-8.96%
0.01330
33.00%
0.002483
24.15%
0.01785
197.50%
0.002043
-22.64%
0.04895
-0.49%
0.000833
-19.20%
0.003449
-51.44%
0.000140
-52.70%
0.00465
-27.23%
0.1754
-2.28%
0.022976
1.43%
0.05815
-2.66%
0.00000565
-37.36%
0.01920
-16.49%
0.002155
196.42%
0.00405
32.79%
0.006511
-27.66%
0.000252
-5.62%
0.003750
-9.83%
0.1136
128.11%
0.005587
6.87%
0.021658
-17.85%
0.001265
-35.66%
0.000690
-22.12%
0.00437
6.33%
0.13502
8.28%
1.386
8.20%
0.0012959
-0.39%
0.1311
-1.43%
0.3555
-0.86%
0.07100
-0.69%
2.284
0.71%
0.00000356
91.40%
0.000230
-28.35%
0.1686
-9.31%
0.1683
-9.90%
0.001690
1.62%
0.0003192
9.65%
1431.3797
0.83%
51424.17651
23.92%
1643414.4487699
-18.02%
3182.0000
0.06%
0.00083508
3.46%
0.62718
-3.20%
0.012587
3.61%
23328.60469
5.23%
0.0000961
-1.03%
53.11319
-0.73%
0.0000007795
3.59%
5999.45668
3.58%
3.41759
5.93%
0.0000006968
0.59%
0.00000020983
65.30%
489.36779
-69.30%
30.6602
2.97%
0.1639
0.55%
16.1146
-1.28%
6.4732
0.39%
0.01902
-0.37%
0.07243
0.26%
0.664523
0.92%
0.1967
2.50%
17.0586
-3.73%
0.000789
10.35%
0.2731
0.11%
0.6324
0.38%
0.006407
1.02%
5.697234
0.32%
8.1064
0.62%
0.01390
5.62%
1.5491
5.54%
0.172711
1.55%
1.1025
0.16%
0.23292
0.00%
0.01650
-0.84%
0.000025110
1.27%
526.0000
0.08%
1.99476
-2.65%
0.063217
3.52%
0.093932
-7.38%
0.2698
0.00%
0.0012207
0.60%
0.63501
0.20%
0.1489
-2.55%
0.4495
-0.64%
0.005361
-1.40%
0.7197
-0.29%
0.009780
2.13%
1.2182
-1.97%
0.01508
0.53%
0.001915
-2.69%
0.00000000000078
-59.59%
0.108000
1.03%
0.04820
-0.86%
1.0482
-0.62%
0.00007039
2.34%
0.00061124
8.74%
0.00586
3.17%
0.16399
-6.57%
0.00332340
0.68%
96.8847
-0.06%
1.3939
1.03%
0.006661
0.68%
0.04801
-5.27%
229.01
-0.94%
0.025329
-26.26%
8.4192
0.06%
0.1269
-15.00%
0.0227
2.25%
10.3218
1.04%
0.0409
-0.73%
0.0118
-0.84%
0.04112
-1.46%
1.5413
0.62%
0.8581
0.23%
0.00000705
-29.92%
0.00202
1.00%
0.0003179
-3.23%
0.0898
0.79%
4.7644
13.77%
1.1563
-0.46%
3.1585
4.45%
0.03111
-10.94%
0.00003397
0.95%
0.2357
0.51%
0.000000580
75.76%
0.0005846
1.92%
12.2232
29.56%
0.00294
-0.68%
0.28915
7.80%
2.620
-0.68%
0.03013
-0.92%
0.00000000003565
-3.52%
1.0022
0.12%
0.026506
-0.92%
0.6408
-4.24%
0.1706
0.65%
0.00000003383
-8.00%
1.2750
0.19%
0.77
-11.49%
0.18878
20.63%
0.003624
-3.75%
0.64814
0.04%
0.013436
0.59%
0.001516
-1.81%
0.1625
8.48%
2.5806
-2.57%
0.001770
-3.44%
0.0003507
-2.53%
0.00002939
-0.64%
3.7760
0.19%
0.00349
25.54%
0.3394
-0.26%
0.000000001562
3.31%
0.4986
3.14%
0.044880
1.24%
0.00009084
-1.54%
0.058308
-4.88%
0.019982
30.21%
0.00197
-13.97%
238.8900
-0.06%
0.006255
4.86%
0.115756
-0.01%
1.46
0.69%
3.2472
45.02%
0.0031121
0.28%
111.1338
-0.25%
47.0005
-4.04%
0.024646
0.90%
0.02210
0.91%
0.000003961
0.23%
0.0252
2.44%
0.0004687
-28.98%
7.4228
-7.96%
1.6115
-3.39%
0.00000237
0.00%
0.02065
22.19%
0.002117
-0.09%
0.0022598
0.78%
0.41284
0.85%
18.16493
-1.28%
0.04124
2.28%
0.1003
-1.86%
0.002580
-0.12%
0.00000001334
0.08%
0.00004382
0.02%
0.01868
0.48%
0.1999
24.94%
0.2995
2.39%
0.0007173
-0.04%
0.0002010
2.81%
2.132
2.75%
0.1478
-0.34%
0.00004698
3.96%
0.0002972
-0.30%
0.00005224
0.04%
0.004986
-0.04%
3.92
16.67%
0.17156
1.47%
0.0000093613
9.11%
0.01201
0.00%
26.4155
0.46%
0.4000
-28.88%
0.006544
0.05%
0.3770
14.55%
0.0000802
2.69%
0.0024387
0.65%
0.023515
-1.62%
0.16437
-3.69%
0.000855
-1.27%
0.120510
-0.65%
0.000161
-18.69%
0.52279
9.86%
0.0007123
1.92%
2.9817
4.14%
0.02167
-0.14%
0.02259
-0.96%
0.0011668
0.07%
0.03907
0.93%
0.7136
0.17%
0.002883
-3.90%
0.024525
0.00%
93.255
3.42%
0.00740
6.32%
0.1095
1.48%
0.22997
-5.57%
0.020141
0.77%
8.9426
0.01%
0.001729
1.47%
0.05633
1.90%
0.09717
-2.50%
0.002426
-1.58%
82.9999
-19.42%
0.014040
5.10%
0.01530
-1.42%
0.1988
-1.19%
0.5326
3.62%
0.00000045
-64.29%
0.004742
0.57%
0.00540
0.37%
0.001929
-1.78%
0.224
0.90%
0.1270
-2.31%
24.17
-59.80%
0.2247
-2.01%
0.00548
2.62%
0.0002778
1.05%
0.1562
2.36%
0.01773
-0.23%
0.12512
1.06%
223.000
2.15%
0.00010263
0.25%
0.00246
-6.11%
0.03195
4.58%
2.911
-7.29%
1.7225
-0.05%
0.02694
0.19%
0.00569
13.57%
0.4322
3.05%
0.00439
-13.75%
0.7609
0.38%
0.0006875
6.19%
0.002841
-2.57%
0.00001305
2.84%
0.1954
0.41%
0.0001309
-1.06%
7.0700
1.02%
0.00018153
-4.46%
0.0006618
0.58%
0.0257
84.89%
0.009483
2.12%
14.47
1.90%
0.00000737
0.55%
0.00285
-0.35%
0.00054
0.00%
0.2190
11.51%
0.000640
0.00%
0.0498
-4.41%
0.016551
-3.05%
0.07952
-0.06%
0.007808
1.30%
0.0001710
0.35%
0.00000476
3.70%
0.5275
-0.23%
0.06638
5.77%
0.008394
-3.64%
0.0016825
3.79%
0.009784
-1.39%
0.000276
0.36%
0.02200
0.05%
0.02853
7.05%
0.372
0.27%
3.5875
0.66%
0.000002657
0.26%
0.0003830
-0.39%
0.00006392
1.52%
0.00003107
7.55%
0.0787
1.16%
0.001293
-2.12%
0.000002166
4.49%
0.06130
0.99%
0.0008870
-6.71%
0.68511
0.11%
0.00392
0.77%
0.00020122
-26.58%
0.01590
0.00%
0.000387
3.20%
3.8880
-0.03%
19.71
1.13%
0.6003
0.00%
0.48393
-0.02%
0.0009964
0.04%
0.05178
-11.38%
0.000000000000081
-19.00%
0.0000278
-4.14%
0.00048
0.00%
0.00001982
1.85%
0.01947
6.39%
43.11
0.14%
2.523
-29.88%
0.00019688
0.18%
10.36
1.37%
0.0000686
5.05%
0.00286
-1.04%
0.034934
-0.32%
0.8425
0.69%
0.000007466
55.54%
0.1152
-0.17%
0.6084
-1.25%
0.10984
2.80%
0.05349
-0.63%
0.000027
-6.90%
0.006831
-0.18%
0.1381
0.00%
0.0023039
0.27%
0.03419
4.65%
9.58
-2.34%
0.18445
0.00%
0.000680
4.62%
0.153118
6.15%
0.021350
-0.70%
0.03402
1.52%
0.27170
52.68%
11.3211
-0.15%
0.1078
0.00%
34.1334
0.29%
0.06261
-19.38%
90.1256
1.25%
0.00001779
-15.20%
0.002406
-4.68%
0.00009461
-0.25%
0.7981
-12.83%
0.00082986
-2.07%
5.64
-2.25%
1.233
4.58%
1.954
0.00%
0.008443
-70.81%
0.3500
9.79%
0.00001288
1.58%
0.0000000034
0.00%
0.0000000045
-4.26%
0.0058
0.00%
0.08625
1.72%
0.0000414
2.99%
0.852
2.40%
0.8350
-13.14%
0.002461
-2.42%
4.825
0.94%
3.022
0.13%
0.000777
-19.81%
0.0017
-5.56%
7.93
-4.00%
0.1805
-3.78%
0.0000880
-2.87%
0.00468
-0.21%
0.001998
-0.05%
0.2656
0.19%
0.01665
-0.12%
0.00236500
1.90%
0.00000145
1.40%
2.1322
0.00%
0.000130
0.00%
0.0108
0.93%
1.0005
-0.02%
0.37603
-1.06%
0.000000000348
-0.57%
0.0015
-11.76%
0.012454
-0.17%
0.009988
-22.99%
3.0002
28.15%
0.001000
0.00%
0.936
-0.85%
0.00006444
-1.41%
0.1250
-1.73%
0.000688
2.38%
0.0091019
0.16%
0.6555
2.68%
0.1775
1.25%
0.0038213
-2.81%
12.1000
-0.09%
0.000498
0.20%
0.00016269
-0.02%
0.00047
0.00%
0.7767
0.84%
1.5983
-0.24%
0.00814
-1.33%
0.000000001368
0.66%
0.002754
-2.48%
0.2130
1.04%
0.05653
18.99%
0.00799
0.76%
0.00000603
-3.67%
0.1058
0.38%
0.005014
-4.44%
0.00166
9.21%
0.013031
-0.23%
0.0269
8.03%
0.02175
-8.88%
0.005243
-4.15%
0.5259
5.67%
0.00499997
6.38%
0.07640
-15.34%
0.0000884
4.12%
4.2678
0.28%
0.1194
38.68%
0.1427
-1.92%
3.432
0.79%
0.00002489
0.24%
0.2979
-15.56%
0.000940
4.79%
0.021907
3.04%
0.0296
2.07%
0.00131
-17.09%
0.011655
1.63%
0.00002429
0.91%
0.6774
0.28%
0.2793
0.90%
0.1998
1.06%
0.2515
-4.08%
0.00003947
-0.18%
0.000185
1.09%
0.0318
0.00%
0.4594
-0.56%
0.535
2.49%
0.8847
-1.36%
92.46
1.12%
0.0242
0.83%
0.5969
-0.55%
0.0000608
0.33%
0.0330
3.13%
0.000507
0.20%
0.0122972
-2.35%
0.0002295
-3.93%
0.005503
-6.00%
0.01223
-4.38%
0.002561
-0.04%
0.618
0.32%
0.2464
0.74%
0.012917
-23.48%
0.5303
1.49%
0.28214
-6.34%
0.00000004049
0.72%
0.00736
-3.92%
0.00173
7.45%
3047
0.13%
0.04343
-5.85%
0.00000347
0.00%
0.0101
-5.61%
0.000000001497
0.00%
2.723
3.03%
0.014920
26.97%
24.17
0.00%
16.22
0.31%
0.00308
-6.10%
0.2087
0.38%
0.005391
1.32%
0.2141
1.57%
0.00498
-0.80%
0.000437
-3.32%
0.0814
8.24%
0.00450
2.27%
0.1114
-2.28%
1.7649
22.01%
15.15
3.55%
0.00715
7.36%
0.942
0.00%
0.000771
-1.78%
0.00140
-0.71%
0.3676
2.40%
0.3413
0.15%
0.002048
-7.91%
0.00000000009340
3.16%
0.671
0.60%
0.875
1.86%
0.00068
-11.69%
0.12492
-2.14%
0.4533
0.62%
0.00450
4.17%
0.05743
6.02%
1.7618
-2.12%
0.3042
7.72%
0.00439
-0.45%
0.003461
29.05%
0.0698
1.01%
0.006066
-1.72%
0.7083
0.28%
0.521
0.39%
2155.79
1.28%
0.1280
2.65%
0.0000305
-32.22%
0.0000000363
-11.46%
0.000259
-3.36%
0.3239
-6.14%
7.25
3.42%
0.0444
3.74%
0.3131
-1.14%
0.008074
-0.25%
0.01761
1.97%
0.0000000347
6.12%
0.00080
8.11%
0.00288
-17.00%
1.012
-13.21%
0.004946
-1.06%
0.00683
0.00%
0.002192
21.78%
0.000840
0.36%
0.2092
0.00%
31.03
-0.32%
0.6591
5.07%
0.494
-2.76%
2.791
0.25%
0.01149
8.09%
0.0837
1.82%
0.0002814
-1.23%
0.000368
-0.54%
0.2238
-0.04%
0.0042
0.00%
0.002365
-3.71%
1.051
2.94%
0.003052
0.96%
0.000715
-15.88%
0.000380
-1.04%
17.06
1.13%
0.0741
0.14%
0.03364
0.36%
0.00006439
-0.25%
0.06450
-2.49%
0.05462
-11.58%
0.2709
0.26%
0.57850
9.34%
0.01469
0.34%
6.782
-0.44%
0.02692
-5.54%
0.0006773
-0.50%
0.5204
-5.24%
0.001776
-12.56%
0.064748
0.23%
159.90
7.14%
0.7497
-4.38%
0.001327
-5.01%
0.0000014971
2.75%
0.4934
5.68%
0.1869
3.83%
0.1687
9.55%
255.2
1.47%
5.823
0.57%
7.601
-8.02%
2.972
1.50%
0.1133
-0.44%
0.9049
1.16%
0.2113
1.00%
0.00001355
5.28%
0.028679
-3.14%
0.00305654
-1.96%
0.01750
-6.72%
0.00545
-9.92%
0.000655
-2.82%
0.00599
0.84%
185.51
2.40%
0.0717
16.78%
0.00499
1.22%
0.1848
1.09%
1.4297
7.95%
4.4022
0.00%
0.001280
-18.11%
0.01008
2.65%
0.0000185
-5.13%
0.00486
-6.72%
0.000001558
-3.05%
0.00450
7.14%
0.2764
-0.58%
0.5526
3.93%
0.03872
0.81%
0.7557
2.66%
0.03659
-1.67%
0.00000014462
-0.80%
1.403
8.59%
0.2099
1.40%
0.000790
-7.17%
3.370
1.91%
0.0855
1.18%
0.01190
-0.17%
0.0066
0.00%
0.0981
2.62%
0.000000044842
0.17%
0.0126
90.91%
0.998
-3.11%
0.5173
1.53%
0.01124
25.17%
0.00980
-25.42%
0.00050888
-12.08%
17.80
-0.17%
0.5643
1.69%
0.1021
-0.29%
0.03429
1.45%
0.0022500
-3.31%
0.0903
0.78%
0.0000000195
-10.14%
0.0460
-1.08%
0.0002389
25.08%
0.000001971
8.00%
0.0597
3.11%
10.04
0.90%
0.00000070
0.00%
0.0000000145
2.11%
0.001733
-8.26%
0.0288
-6.49%
0.000407
-15.91%
0.01283
0.00%
1.2712
-3.50%
0.000914
-3.28%
3044.33
0.44%
0.0109
-3.54%
0.2096
3.66%
0.4288
-2.35%
0.0000533
11.51%
0.1477
1.86%
0.869
0.46%
0.00000764
0.53%
0.001345
-20.65%
0.002651
-11.84%
0.008900
20.27%
0.003459
0.93%
0.2195
5.58%
0.0000000000000184
31.43%
0.000000000251
-0.79%
0.006390
1.75%
0.03395
-1.54%
0.000503
3.93%
19.8772
-7.98%
0.0000001346
6.07%
0.002407
-1.03%
0.00299
9.12%
0.0000000412
-0.96%
0.583
0.87%
0.02552
-0.08%
0.01213
-11.14%
0.1457
0.34%
0.0797
0.00%
0.0729
-3.83%
0.004399
1.10%
0.0002692
2.94%
0.000587
-16.02%
0.004800
-18.19%
0.003596
-6.57%
0.0130
7.44%
0.08136
2.66%
0.00781
-5.10%
0.09005
-4.19%
1.514
8.07%
0.00249
0.40%
6.6868
4.68%
1.3120
-0.83%
0.000612
15.04%
324.9
-0.09%
0.00811
7.85%
0.1926
1.05%
0.01958
5.10%
12.52
1.54%
0.3413
-2.18%
0.02518
2.19%
0.000874
-6.32%
0.002115
3.73%
0.00753
-20.65%
0.11063
3.48%
1.795
-0.44%
5.685
-2.29%
0.01543
0.92%
0.0071
-6.58%
0.00000001309
-4.59%
0.0000000829
-1.07%
0.0110
13.40%
0.0003739
-8.72%
0.1910
0.79%
6.978
-2.69%
0.001115
-4.21%
0.0108
4.85%
0.013001
1.53%
0.02406
-1.43%
0.08385
14.67%
0.07161
11.54%
0.002810
-17.84%
6.7331
0.24%
0.002045
-2.85%
0.0931
2.53%
0.2972
-8.75%
0.002765
-2.61%
8.19
0.49%
0.7663
-0.05%
0.543
1.50%
0.01795
11.08%
1.1976999
-1.01%
0.2535
-0.63%
0.3153
3.44%
6.4005
0.00%
0.0266
0.38%
0.04211
3.77%
0.0406
2.27%
0.004091
-1.59%
0.5280
-0.25%
0.001865
17.30%
0.0111
-9.02%
0.00633
-2.01%
6.559
4.93%
0.00000399
-0.50%
0.000062
-33.33%
0.01762
4.01%
0.01753
-0.11%
0.1657
-6.23%
1.492
0.74%
0.0000510
-0.58%
0.008994
-8.03%
0.0000000002073
5.60%
0.00003
-25.00%
18.59
2.09%
0.01254
-0.48%
0.01559
6.49%
0.01373
0.44%
0.2863
0.25%
0.018755
5.70%
0.0000092
21.05%
0.0189
3.28%
0.0110
1.85%
0.1422
-4.24%
0.1486
-3.57%
0.01401
0.79%
0.9015
3.16%
0.00817
9.22%
0.001619
-6.47%
1246
0.08%
0.13148
-0.38%
0.01748
0.92%
2.427
-2.49%
0.003565
-4.88%
0.01832
-0.60%
1.1994
0.24%
0.00002736
-0.44%
0.0009
0.00%
0.03011
-2.71%
0.375
-2.60%
0.00102
-7.27%
0.000453
-0.44%
0.0051021
0.05%
0.000000002176
8.75%
3.412
-0.26%
77.3
-0.26%
7.46
-1.06%
0.003959
0.43%
0.04068
-2.70%
0.002729
-8.73%
0.1434
0.49%
0.000908
-18.20%
0.3998
-7.13%
0.0000000632
1.12%
0.0181
-8.59%
0.000080
-4.76%
0.0000691
-4.43%
0.000124
-2.36%
0.1369
-2.56%
0.000000471
-0.21%
0.004863
4.42%
0.05733
4.41%
0.2623
0.65%
0.813
-3.21%
0.0390
1.30%
17.170
-4.37%
0.02724
0.15%
0.0061
0.00%
0.0215
1.42%
0.000024
9.09%
0.008023
-7.01%
0.1653
5.76%
0.001489
1.09%
0.2037
0.44%
0.0000088
0.00%
0.00386
8.12%
0.0238
0.00%
0.0532
0.57%
0.1188
-0.75%
0.1415
-1.05%
0.2945
0.86%
0.0474
6.52%
0.00513
-0.39%
0.000001623
1.00%
50.025
-4.12%
6.3199
2.83%
0.0000612
0.33%
0.00006
20.00%
0.005346
2.20%
0.0383
-0.52%
0.000156
-12.36%
0.002999
0.00%
0.719
-0.83%
0.7574
0.26%
0.00025530
8.51%
0.0661
4.42%
1.3878
2.88%
0.3095
-2.03%
0.3970
10.68%
0.00295
4.61%
0.0000593
1.37%
0.009402
6.78%
11.30
-7.45%
0.0000003093
-6.72%
0.001195
11.06%
0.792
1.28%
0.000623
-5.61%
0.00009194
-0.17%
0.003402
18.50%
0.0809
-2.88%
0.1193
9.15%
0.1086
0.28%
0.002722
3.81%
0.003629
22.81%
0.300
-42.53%
0.0000019
18.75%
0.000742
6.30%
0.2731
2.02%
0.001774
0.11%
0.016968
5.77%
0.013950
3.33%
0.002583
-13.90%
0.00292
-19.78%
0.001273
3.08%
0.01743
0.52%
0.0405
-19.00%
0.0006023
3.33%
0.000059
-36.56%
0.000277213
-2.37%
18.07
0.78%
0.002275
0.31%
5.31
0.38%
0.003367
-3.69%
0.000405
15.71%
0.004887
8.53%
0.003748
-10.80%
0.000081
-5.81%
9.17
-3.88%
0.01128
0.00%
0.02829
-11.73%
0.02423
1.68%
0.000210
-12.13%
0.00052
0.00%
0.0500
1.21%
0.00010280
-16.20%
0.684
0.15%
1.884
-3.29%
0.01799
-0.06%
0.002495
1.75%
0.746
-1.84%
23.060
0.58%
0.0000000030005
0.03%
0.01648
-0.30%
0.0818
3.28%
0.0272
1.87%
0.000756
7.69%
0.0589
-1.67%
0.00510
7.82%
0.000000001777
-0.06%
0.00865
16.11%
0.00000007878
1.21%
0.004175
-1.11%
0.00022520
49.00%
0.001019
2.31%
0.1445
9.55%
0.528
0.38%
2.184
0.23%
0.000277
-1.42%
0.00025649
-0.01%
0.05944
1.68%
0.0982
1.03%
0.00000383
-5.43%
0.1311
1.71%
0.0001
0.00%
0.000000000003813
-15.81%
0.000000497
2.26%
0.000290
16.00%
0.03588
-10.46%
0.036346
-4.65%
0.0000002195
1.11%
0.0070
-4.11%
0.2220
-5.49%
0.0786
1.95%
0.1535
4.85%
2.090
-3.95%
0.000000000708
-8.88%
0.0568
1.07%
0.416
-0.95%
0.001216
0.91%
0.000195
3.17%
0.0646
-5.69%
0.03138
-2.67%
0.01066
1.23%
0.0000524
0.58%
0.000985
1.65%
0.0015
-25.00%
0.00002369
-0.17%
0.5423
-0.04%
0.0121
-6.20%
0.0427
-6.15%
0.000869
14.04%
0.1071
-0.09%
0.001121
0.63%
0.05523
2.01%
0.03972
-3.00%
0.0850
-1.39%
1.154
-6.48%
0.0005014
-2.66%
0.01848
3.76%
0.0564
-4.73%
0.00000000000096
-4.00%
0.000432
2.37%
0.0000049
-2.00%
0.000000000001677
0.48%
0.1132
0.80%
0.001884
3.12%
78.44
6.17%
0.001900
11.76%
0.000000000000869
7.28%
0.000332
1.22%
0.00295
0.68%
0.01681
-3.28%
0.000643
-3.60%
0.000000001868
1.47%
0.691
-2.54%
0.000540
93.55%
0.0170
24.09%
0.00000000015733
0.05%
0.0331
0.30%
0.00390
-2.50%
0.01239
-7.61%
0.001160
0.87%
0.7861
-0.24%
0.0072
-68.14%
0.0754
0.00%
0.5123
3.70%
0.000034
41.67%
0.1943
0.73%
0.00000000001802
-35.55%
0.150000
-40.10%
0.03814
-2.08%
0.0526
0.19%
0.1101
3.19%
0.001997
-0.30%
0.1187
-3.89%
0.01430
0.56%
0.000001706
1.25%
0.001000
0.00%
0.0000000000000159
6.71%
0.001728
-14.33%
0.00000000000291
0.34%
0.0000002642
25.27%
0.001361
-0.07%
0.0000095
-8.65%
0.002569
-2.50%
0.283
0.71%
0.00650
0.62%
0.002935
1.45%
0.000997
232.33%
0.00109
-26.35%
0.0000815
11.64%
0.000259
-1.52%
0.00004400
2.85%
0.000049
32.43%
0.00375
-2.85%
0.000427
-2.51%
0.0000000053
-51.82%
0.00282
-0.35%
0.05817
-0.02%
0.000000000539
20.04%
0.00000000000013
8.33%
0.0388
3.74%
0.0077
71.11%
0.00000000001477
-7.69%
0.000623
-1.11%
0.00000000000042
-2.33%
0.0248
5.08%
0.0006
20.00%
0.000001690
3.05%
0.00000056
5.66%
0.00000000000651
-26.27%
3.0514
-5.34%
0.00000304
2.70%
0.00821
0.49%
0.003986
44.42%
0.01164
2.83%
1.409
-1.05%
0.00002
0.00%
0.020989
0.74%
0.20697
-2.85%
0.0006
0.00%
0.012521
0.00%
0.00209
-3.24%
0.0902
2.85%
0.000195258
2.50%
0.00005
0.00%
0.000959
1.48%
0.03002
1.80%
0.000518
1.77%
0.000183
-4.19%
0.006167
11.02%
0.0000078
-4.88%
0.3264
-1.54%
0.000308
15.79%
0.1442
-1.57%
0.00035
-18.60%
0.01025
0.00%
0.00088
0.00%
0.000014
-12.50%
0.00200
23.46%
0.4837
-3.84%
0.01861
-3.92%
0.5307
3.63%
0.000000487
14.59%
0.004389
-0.11%
0.1100
0.09%
0.00468
8.33%
0.0000355
-17.25%
0.001450
-14.45%
0.0005
0.00%
0.00000001199
-0.17%
0.021365
0.85%
0.0000010
66.67%
0.0002484
-0.48%
0.000957
-1.85%
0.06007
-0.20%
5.451
-1.23%
0.00000085
1.19%
0.01316
0.46%
0.00080
0.00%
0.01645
3.26%
0.0593
0.00%
0.00330
-45.00%
2.5129
-49.74%
0.0503
-4.37%
0.00014
7.69%
0.3888
4.80%
0.1475
0.68%
0.0730
1.39%
0.0001030
0.00%
0.2732
-0.76%
0.000838
6.35%
8.29
3.75%
0.3613
-8.55%
0.0004
0.00%
0.00292
-0.68%
0.05223
2.31%
0.0000245
0.00%
0.671
0.00%
0.01241
-0.64%
0.0000105
-89.46%
0.00609
-4.40%
0.1307
9.74%
0.2994
0.00%
0.0500
-1.57%
0.1002
1.42%
0.00000686
-0.15%
0.00250
25.00%
0.00910
-5.99%
0.000000000020
53.85%
0.00367
-6.62%
0.00000000000145
-16.18%
0.0000246
2.07%
0.0005
-50.00%
0.0354
-0.56%
0.01754
0.11%
0.004193
-1.48%
0.000000000114
17.53%
0.01394
-6.32%
0.1912
-2.94%
0.000012
-14.29%
0.0000117
-1.68%
0.1719
2.69%
0.01470
-1.87%
0.0000825
1.10%
0.00010965
0.00%
0.0026
0.00%
100.00
-0.70%
0.0001
0.00%
0.000000000720
0.28%
2.157
-0.46%
0.3481
-6.00%
0.01798
0.90%
0.02956
-2.25%
0.0000329
-33.67%
0.001129
-1.48%
0.002583
5.47%
0.00027
3.85%
0.00022
-47.62%
0.3730
-0.40%
0.00000000000028
3.70%
0.0009
-43.75%
0.00002203
0.05%
0.00000921
-0.11%
0.0602
-0.17%
0.0050
6.38%
0.000028
0.00%
0.00000000003474
-0.37%
0.03786
0.99%
0.000000000004
0.00%
0.000000104
1.96%
0.002164
-5.46%
0.0867
0.70%
0.02909
0.31%
2.998
0.67%
0.1925
0.42%
0.0000023
0.00%
0.000000000774
-7.42%
0.0587
0.00%
1.25
-0.79%
0.000000000036
0.00%
0.1850
-1.33%
0.00188
3.30%
0.000000000774
-2.40%
0.0072
-63.82%
0.00028
0.00%
0.0354
-1.39%
0.002461
0.00%
0.00004
-20.00%
0.000033
120.00%
0.000008
-11.11%
0.00240
-4.00%
0.0000219
50.00%
0.000050
-7.41%
0.001987
30.90%
0.000110
6.80%
0.0140
0.00%
0.0000059
3.51%
0.0000007
0.00%
0.0803
-0.37%
0.000350
-29.58%
0.0005
-16.67%
0.00007
0.00%
0.000033
-2.94%
1.1727
2.01%
0.1152
5.88%
0.01711
2.95%
0.000640
3.90%
0.10755
-5.06%
0.00003983
-4.96%
0.7495
-11.34%
0.01089
-1.00%
0.001383
2.52%
0.2348
0.34%
0.03579
-6.28%
58.5600
0.00%
0.0410
-2.15%
0.0001450
0.00%
0.6327
1.15%
0.02953
-2.61%
0.00490
1.45%
0.002186
2.73%
0.0003220
0.00%
0.0254
0.00%
0.0009012
0.00%
0.003434
-4.98%
0.00600
0.00%
0.0007993
0.00%
6.225
-1.16%
0.0000690
0.00%
0.04013
-0.72%
0.00281
8.91%
0.02342
1.34%
0.00282
2.55%
0.0028
0.00%
0.00125
3.31%
1899.00
0.00%
0.93
2.20%
0.0445
7.49%
0.001274
1.68%
0.00395
-0.25%
0.00219
1.39%
0.0741
3.20%
0.0639
1.27%
0.448
0.22%
0.1077
0.28%
1.000000
0.00%
0.3771
0.00%
0.5732
0.00%
5.92
-0.84%
0.05880
1.15%
0.000000100
0.00%
0.06274
9.32%
2.164
0.19%
0.6244
-1.42%
0.0700
0.00%
0.01975
3.19%
0.00004399
0.00%
0.000216
0.00%
2.179
0.00%
1.700
0.71%
1.5000
0.00%
3.9889
0.00%
0.0973
0.21%
1.1371
0.00%
0.000082
-5.75%
0.4424
0.00%
0.1268
1.52%
0.2167
-1.10%
0.0438
1.15%
0.000395
2.60%
0.9746
0.00%
0.0071
0.00%
0.599
0.00%
0.000210
0.00%
14.74
1.38%
0.000452
0.00%
0.0272
0.00%
0.000000002399
3.90%
0.00000010913
0.00%
0.00000044
-2.22%
17.03
0.12%
0.1204
0.00%
2.598
-0.69%
1.074
-0.19%
0.006000
0.00%
0.000300
0.00%
0.0021
0.00%
0.00035
0.00%
0.0111
0.00%
0.000000037
-2.63%
0.0004
0.00%
0.00033
0.00%
0.011926
0.00%
0.0000151
0.00%
0.5051
0.00%
0.000014
0.00%
0.001100
0.00%
0.000365
0.00%
0.001200
0.00%
0.0059
0.00%
0.0000002593
0.00%
0.00001584
0.00%
0.0000001013
0.00%
0.00035000
0.00%
0.000027
3.85%
0.00006187
0.00%
0.000166
0.00%
0.001405
0.00%
0.2466
-0.04%
0.000480
1.91%
0.000902
0.00%
0.0001
0.00%
0.001505
0.00%
0.0009
0.00%
0.0560
0.00%
0.00012800
0.00%
0.000458
0.88%
0.004025
0.00%
0.00000000055
0.00%
0.0109
-1.80%
9.770
0.39%
0.00007709
0.00%
0.00000100
0.00%
0.0000000104
0.00%
0.00000006
0.00%
0.00000000001676
0.00%
0.001000
0.00%
0.0000000039
0.00%
0.00001626
0.00%
0.000000000374
0.00%
0.00025
-7.41%
0.0000030
0.00%
0.000000003500
0.00%
0.000427
3.89%
0.0070
0.00%
0.000310
0.00%
0.3284
0.00%
0.9500
0.00%
0.0020
0.00%
0.0066
0.00%
0.000405
0.00%
----
0.00000000000102
0.00%
0.001290
0.00%
0.00000000000426
3.40%
0.00000011
0.00%
0.0000006596
-0.96%
0.000758
0.00%
1.6799
0.00%
0.0927
0.00%
0.00000000002387
0.00%
0.00425
0.00%
0.00001
0.00%
0.000119
0.00%
0.0010
0.00%
0.00037
0.00%
0.001963
0.00%
0.00000055
0.00%
0.00006767
0.00%
0.0055
0.00%
0.00005458
0.00%
0.001263
0.00%
0.00000000000805
0.75%
0.001349
0.00%
0.00171
0.00%
0.0001000
0.00%
0.05056
0.00%
1.3575
0.00%
0.00136
0.00%
0.000086
0.00%
0.00006
0.00%
0.001234
0.00%
0.000449
0.00%
0.0066
0.00%
0.0010
0.00%
0.0004
0.00%
0.0007
0.00%
0.0240
0.00%
0.000522
0.00%
0.0013
0.00%
0.4998
0.00%
0.0000111
0.00%
0.00003022
0.27%
0.007000
0.00%
0.000363
0.00%
0.0012
0.00%
0.000792
0.00%
0.001200
0.00%
0.000331
0.00%
0.001050
0.00%
1.1099
0.00%
0.000383
0.00%
0.00009909
0.00%
0.01170
0.00%
0.001000
0.00%
50.0000
0.00%
0.0005
0.00%
0.0786
0.00%
0.001563
0.00%
1.6349
0.00%
0.00000000000540
0.00%
0.000028
0.00%
0.000999
0.00%
0.002935
0.00%
0.0200
0.00%
0.0093
0.00%
0.0006
0.00%
65.1101
0.00%
3.7189
0.00%
0.003015
0.00%
0.00000013
0.00%
0.000082
0.00%
0.0071
-1.39%
0.016111
0.00%
4.1000
0.00%
0.0489
0.00%
0.0131
0.00%
0.023020
0.00%
0.0745
0.00%
0.001100
0.00%
0.3882
0.00%
0.001000
0.00%
0.076250
0.00%
0.0150
0.00%
0.1001
0.00%
0.0036
0.00%
0.001942
0.00%
0.1769
0.00%
2.2915
0.00%
0.0000000187
-1.58%
0.000257
0.00%
0.000620
0.00%
0.03000
0.00%
0.000946
0.00%
0.000119
0.00%
0.0002041
0.00%
0.4820
0.00%
0.0490
0.00%
0.0096
0.00%
0.0060
0.00%
0.04500
0.00%
0.000259
0.00%
0.0502
0.00%
0.004149
-0.98%
1.76670591
0.00%
0.000399
0.00%
0.0001403
0.00%
1.9418
0.00%
0.0000000000270
0.00%
0.0000002850
0.00%
0.6700
0.00%
0.00010
0.00%
0.01989
0.00%
0.2888
0.00%
0.00501
0.00%
0.02700
0.00%
0.00294
0.00%
0.0440
0.00%
0.3515
0.00%
0.00125
0.00%
0.000445
0.00%
0.4900
0.00%
0.9900
0.00%
0.5000
0.00%
0.010100
0.00%
0.0069
0.00%
0.88686
0.00%
0.00084
0.00%
0.00141
0.00%
0.0000285
0.00%
0.00264
0.00%
1.1760
0.00%
0.000978
0.00%
0.00910
0.00%
0.1721
0.00%
0.00010
0.00%
0.01463
0.00%
0.01324
-0.08%
0.00614
0.00%
0.04851
0.00%
0.4606
0.00%
0.00021
0.00%
0.001800
0.00%
0.00132
0.00%
0.01200
0.00%
0.00000000076
0.00%
0.00010
0.00%
0.000001000
0.00%
0.0000008
0.00%
1.3153
-0.72%
0.01050
0.00%
0.0000325
0.00%
0.00000357
24.39%
1.0000
0.00%
0.00441
0.00%
0.34211
0.00%
0.0000077
0.00%
0.3000
0.00%
0.00036
0.00%
0.001277
0.00%
0.03520
0.00%
3.3999
0.00%
0.000000005
0.00%
0.000514
0.00%
0.00819
0.00%
0.00657
2.98%
0.000313
0.00%
0.0000031
0.00%
0.0007240
0.00%
0.00003
0.00%
0.00098
0.00%
0.00200
0.00%
0.00000007783
0.00%
0.0032
0.00%
0.000495
0.00%
0.00049
0.00%
0.00014906
0.00%
0.0000090
45.16%
0.007210
0.00%
0.00635
0.00%
0.0000271
-15.84%
0.0900
0.00%
0.00006
0.00%
0.000000000008
0.00%
0.000506
0.00%
0.01030
0.00%
0.017874
0.00%
0.00269
0.00%
0.00070
0.00%
0.004004
0.00%
0.000309
0.00%
160.01
0.00%
0.0000269
0.00%
0.0000000500
0.00%
0.0000001300
0.00%
0.000057
-46.73%
1.02862
0.00%
0.7997
0.00%
0.0001543
0.00%
0.000000000128
0.00%
0.000426832
0.00%
0.00002805
0.00%
0.00911
0.00%
0.1600
0.00%
0.3198
0.00%
0.1197
0.00%
0.0030886
0.00%
20.3888
0.00%
0.000510
0.00%
0.00218
0.00%
0.00000632
0.00%
0.002700
0.00%
0.0001245
0.00%
0.000055
0.00%
0.3100
0.00%
0.00639
0.00%
0.4400
0.00%
1.4371
0.00%
0.0002109
0.00%
0.0000274
0.00%
0.3668
0.00%
0.250
0.00%
0.4134
-0.19%
0.001106
0.00%
0.0249
0.00%
0.6608
0.00%
0.00500
0.00%
3.79
0.00%
0.0020
0.00%
0.00538
0.00%
0.5253
1.43%
4522.00
0.00%
1.490
0.27%
0.0091
0.00%
0.435
1.40%