Exploring the BTC Network: The Operational Mechanism of the Blockchain World

Източник: LBankЧас: 2023-11-21 07:06:02

 

With the rise of digital currencies, Bitcoin (BTC), as the representative of the first blockchain technology, has garnered significant attention. For newcomers to the world of blockchain, understanding how the BTC network operates can provide a better grasp of this emerging technology. This article will delve into the workings of the BTC network, catering to the knowledge of blockchain novices.

Blockchain Basics

Firstly, we need to grasp the fundamental concept of blockchain. Blockchain is a decentralized distributed ledger technology, where data is maintained by multiple nodes, ensuring decentralization and tamper resistance. The Bitcoin blockchain consists of a series of blocks, with each block containing a certain number of transaction records.

Block Generation and Verification

In the BTC network, transactions are bundled into blocks. Miners, participants in the network, are responsible for validating these transactions and packaging them into blocks. To accomplish this, miners must solve a complex mathematical problem known as "Proof of Work" (PoW). This process, commonly referred to as mining, rewards the miner who successfully solves the problem with a certain amount of Bitcoin.


Once a block is successfully mined, it is broadcasted to the entire network. Other nodes verify the legitimacy of this block, ensuring that the transactions within it are not illicit. If the verification is successful, the block is added to the end of the blockchain, creating a new block.

Decentralized Nature of Blockchain

The decentralization of the BTC network is a crucial safeguard for its security and resistance to attacks. Due to its distributed nature, with no single centralized entity controlling the entire network, it becomes challenging to attack. Each node has a complete copy of the ledger, and any attempt to tamper with any part of the data immediately raises alarms among other nodes.

Consensus Mechanism and Block Rewards

The BTC network employs a consensus mechanism to ensure the consistency of the ledger across all nodes. Through Proof of Work, miners compete to solve mathematical problems for the right to generate a block. This process ensures fairness and limits abuse within the network. Block rewards serve as an incentive for miners to participate in mining and also serve as the mechanism for introducing new bitcoins into circulation.

Transaction Confirmation and Decentralized Ledger

Another vital feature of the BTC network is the confirmation mechanism for transactions. Generally, the more times a transaction is confirmed, the less susceptible it is to tampering. This guarantees the security and reliability of transactions. The decentralized ledger system ensures that the entire network does not depend on a single entity, ensuring transparency and traceability of transactions.

The Future Outlook of Blockchain

As blockchain technology continues to evolve, so does the BTC network. In the future, new consensus mechanisms, performance-improving technologies, and broader application scenarios may emerge. For novices, staying informed about the development of blockchain technology, understanding its underlying principles, will help grasp the opportunities in this digital era.


By providing a brief overview of the operational mechanism of the BTC network, it is hoped that readers will gain a preliminary understanding of Bitcoin and blockchain technology. While the knowledge in this field can be complex, a deeper understanding of its fundamental principles will contribute to a better comprehension of the essence of digital currency and decentralized technology.

СпотФючърси
USDTUSDCLTsBTCETHSTABLECOINS
ДвойкиЦенаПромяна
95392.72
-0.82%
2674.17
-1.08%
648.7
-2.04%
165.03
-6.38%
0.00291
-2.02%
1.0003
0.03%
2.5257
-4.74%
3.651
-2.35%
3.0339
-4.20%
0.4583
-4.94%
4.729
-3.11%
16.14
-5.39%
1.2303
-3.95%
0.001310
-21.88%
0.000956
-16.87%
0.000001382
-11.30%
0.00810
-21.28%
0.0002098
74.83%
0.04138
72.42%
0.01621
149.38%
2.0741
314.82%
0.01402
-83.76%
0.00530
-39.29%
0.0274
-62.57%
0.2781
-22.38%
0.3438
-12.07%
0.02174
-13.07%
0.4444
3.61%
0.000263
-28.53%
0.0004216
-30.54%
1.5231
-9.34%
0.06841
-31.98%
0.0063
-31.52%
0.01079
-31.01%
0.00887
-20.73%
0.45150
2.09%
0.01281
-45.47%
0.0004798
-7.27%
0.012855
712.58%
0.008910
10.29%
0.01410
-27.84%
0.2990
-0.63%
0.051730
-2.91%
0.000257
-36.23%
0.008188
-1.29%
0.0002581
-9.88%
0.008118
-0.62%
0.000975
-5.43%
0.609
-11.22%
0.00073
-48.23%
0.01219
-34.07%
10.8197
2.55%
50.7141
0.97%
0.003304
65.61%
0.01293
-14.20%
0.00960
0.95%
0.003660
87.69%
0.01441
-37.05%
0.0004944
-26.19%
6.936
4.44%
0.000056
0.00%
2.143
8.29%
0.000166
-18.63%
0.07686
-17.51%
0.0000807
0.00%
1253.1145
0.35%
0.000000000008
0.00%
0.15286
-27.36%
154.09914
-2.41%
14656958.4566990
1.19%
56248.07932
5.82%
45.20375
3.32%
0.002103
-20.43%
0.000000000100
-80.00%
13572.07770
-1.69%
3060.0000
0.49%
1749.45718
-5.81%
6625.97197
2.18%
0.25605
-1.54%
3.74564
6.22%
0.00000016912
-6.04%
26.8679
1.05%
0.0000081
-10.00%
0.0000006196
3.13%
0.38088
-20.65%
0.0052
-71.27%
0.0000030240
20.96%
0.01894
3.84%
0.08848
-6.18%
0.4663
8.24%
2.00235
-4.54%
10.4362
-0.87%
0.02779
-16.57%
0.6326
-27.62%
7.9095
-2.18%
0.04381
-1.31%
7.0000
-61.52%
0.481227
-4.63%
1.0807
0.02%
0.228588
12.56%
1.0271
-25.96%
0.227216
-3.12%
0.00003856
-1.71%
0.000035821
-9.33%
0.03250
15.13%
14.3694
-3.71%
2.319174
-0.42%
0.03518
-2.44%
0.00576
4.92%
114.1025
0.00%
0.003457
-16.74%
12.7022
5.46%
0.0031211
-0.06%
1.6481
-9.89%
0.0013937
-3.96%
0.9515
0.95%
0.2388
0.42%
0.044857
-2.93%
0.8519
-0.91%
1.3631
-0.94%
0.00010935
-3.74%
0.4616
-2.06%
0.1429
11.21%
0.1002
-8.49%
0.0011072
2.33%
0.137200
1.55%
0.3513
2.27%
0.00196
26.45%
0.3103
-2.11%
0.0003509
-1.87%
0.16747
1.71%
0.05822
-1.95%
1.1400
0.00%
0.09876
6.41%
1.1595
-0.43%
0.0006197
-0.45%
111.0715
-12.91%
1.4777
-0.24%
0.1165
-1.85%
0.007206
0.26%
94.0336
0.72%
1.0321
0.37%
0.00000919
-6.32%
0.00373440
-0.83%
65.3130
-1.29%
241.59
4.84%
1.11
-2.63%
0.00052236
-5.47%
0.152723
-3.39%
0.6745
-5.08%
0.6653
-5.39%
0.004501
-3.00%
2.1036
-0.13%
0.00818
-0.24%
0.0004963
-4.76%
0.0001029
-12.05%
0.01006
0.60%
1.99
-52.05%
0.009323
-10.55%
2.5129
14.03%
0.003138
-0.63%
0.1522
-0.78%
21.00
-27.54%
2.510
-6.27%
0.8417
0.20%
0.001743
2.53%
0.27059
-0.16%
0.00353270
-8.95%
0.01510
0.07%
0.00094486
1.76%
0.006735
-27.50%
0.005157
1.34%
0.00689
-2.82%
0.18605
-6.96%
0.0119
0.00%
0.009786
-6.55%
0.0150
7.14%
0.0342
-2.29%
0.00005024
-0.59%
0.1879
-2.79%
0.000000391
-3.22%
2.8046
1.04%
0.0003463
-8.99%
0.0370
-3.39%
0.00452
-0.22%
1.6158
0.00%
15.8071
30.17%
0.03850
-3.51%
0.76117
-4.62%
0.2423
0.83%
0.00003984
0.40%
0.7414
-8.27%
0.000379
-10.61%
7.7787
0.28%
0.0007636
-28.85%
0.00000000000004
-80.00%
573.13325
-44.27%
0.027056
-0.85%
0.0007279
2.52%
0.03294
0.43%
0.5150
2.65%
0.0002105
-17.09%
0.25034
-2.44%
3.8410
0.21%
0.47161
0.40%
0.00002753
5.68%
0.1470
-0.34%
246.1400
0.25%
0.234
-2.50%
0.03660
-3.63%
0.0620
-4.17%
0.001531
-1.61%
0.000902
-2.59%
0.002648
0.80%
0.08804
-0.92%
1.2851
0.08%
0.07890
-9.85%
0.0003685
-6.28%
0.00000955
-4.79%
0.12972
11.08%
0.111292
0.00%
0.00004383
0.00%
0.1308
-0.68%
131.29
5.68%
0.026311
0.72%
0.0025026
0.03%
1.0004
0.04%
0.000008898
-14.16%
0.000001297
-4.28%
0.007308
3.75%
0.02192
-11.61%
0.00335
-4.01%
0.00000000042
-20.75%
0.002301
-4.09%
0.001560
0.00%
0.0024150
-1.25%
0.0237
-4.44%
0.4171
-0.90%
0.2560
-20.40%
0.00012932
-5.48%
0.03246
-17.61%
8.9016
0.01%
0.000006509
-1.38%
0.013047
-3.97%
0.00401
-2.43%
0.002153
-6.35%
0.000981
1.66%
0.055019
0.10%
0.129200
1.89%
3.4433
-0.48%
0.00937
1.96%
0.4805
-7.02%
0.00437
-6.42%
0.00005027
-2.82%
0.610
-2.24%
0.2208
-2.99%
0.02430
-1.94%
5.9784
-0.88%
0.002006
-4.57%
0.2228
-11.27%
0.024537
0.01%
30.4700
0.12%
0.0022970
-0.06%
0.003799
-4.45%
0.026500
65.63%
0.009867
-16.95%
0.09108
-0.94%
0.1615
0.37%
0.1832
0.33%
0.03390
-9.70%
0.04785
10.79%
0.00025391
0.35%
0.57349
0.30%
16.93
-1.17%
0.4629
-7.97%
0.00605
-5.17%
0.012720
-7.21%
0.00009148
-2.43%
0.0007927
0.71%
2.966
-6.55%
0.001449
-4.55%
0.0021467
-6.63%
0.003591
-1.21%
0.00001528
-6.83%
0.01801
0.78%
0.069463
-5.76%
0.00001512
-2.95%
0.1007
-0.59%
0.1025
-0.29%
0.0000191
-1.04%
0.001220
20.20%
80.0130
37.85%
0.00000605
-6.64%
0.000000001581
-3.36%
0.360124
0.00%
0.00678
-8.50%
0.003522
-2.57%
0.9184
2.63%
1.1767
-3.58%
0.002453
-0.61%
0.000003278
0.43%
1.962668
-13.30%
0.010730
1.11%
418.2000
-6.23%
0.02376
-0.46%
1.06833
-2.25%
0.7006
-9.52%
0.00502
2.03%
0.6639
-3.19%
0.04337
15.13%
0.000000001475
-12.20%
0.01191
-4.95%
0.00290
-2.03%
0.12002
-3.08%
2945
0.68%
0.0813
-0.49%
0.02012
-5.72%
0.6170
-0.16%
0.00903
-9.43%
0.000009527
-4.11%
0.0000000053
0.00%
0.031000
-11.43%
0.002999
-0.27%
17.56
-6.30%
0.00866
-22.75%
5.2084
-7.04%
0.00011678
-0.71%
0.3848
-0.16%
0.00157
-6.55%
0.07908
-9.55%
0.00004095
0.61%
0.04504
14.99%
0.000920
17.35%
4.5621
-0.23%
370.8
3.43%
0.00476
29.70%
0.00050
0.00%
0.01843
0.66%
0.00001019
-13.35%
0.10140
-2.58%
0.001546
-5.10%
0.01741
-27.15%
1.8655
-0.30%
0.02057
-5.60%
0.01679
5.40%
0.03787
-9.83%
0.0000627
-1.57%
0.9021
-0.96%
0.00302
1.34%
0.0005529
0.09%
262.700
0.65%
0.4119
-9.79%
0.687
-11.01%
1.719
-5.18%
0.003447
-6.59%
35.2411
19.50%
13.1806
-0.56%
0.31613
-11.41%
0.034592
-0.90%
0.04875
-0.41%
0.000418
21.16%
91.546
1.22%
6.4092
0.11%
0.00017121
-1.09%
2.8619
0.02%
0.8290
2.26%
4.7724
-1.97%
0.008022
6.51%
0.7001
-7.72%
0.2991
-4.81%
0.02432
-7.81%
0.018751
-1.98%
0.000640
0.00%
0.000000000596
-2.30%
0.01769
25.11%
0.006883
1.89%
0.0072
-1.37%
0.008607
-0.69%
0.1460
0.27%
0.000002428
-4.30%
0.5969
-33.68%
0.020139
0.18%
0.00063
-4.55%
1.0215
-0.01%
3.209
-4.81%
0.00204
0.00%
10.5846
3.89%
0.002899
4.36%
0.20523
-3.16%
0.19821
-0.61%
0.000102
-11.30%
0.01909
-4.74%
0.00990
-6.43%
0.002270
6.82%
2.4290
-12.17%
0.001928
-12.76%
0.000800
-11.11%
34.1377
0.12%
0.3248
-2.35%
0.000936
-1.89%
5.77
-1.70%
0.12515
0.03%
0.022153
0.07%
0.06100
-2.40%
0.4219
-1.29%
7.5523
3.86%
0.0000000067
-2.90%
0.0001364
3.33%
0.0128
-1.54%
1.0004
0.00%
23.20
-5.61%
0.2286
-13.21%
0.000747
-18.18%
0.000397
-5.25%
8.54
-5.84%
248.14
-3.64%
0.4867
-0.25%
3.0013
0.04%
3.101
-5.08%
10.73
2.78%
1.346
-1.90%
0.34526
-0.96%
0.00620
90.77%
0.00000184
0.00%
0.7451
7.95%
0.4939
-2.87%
0.2842
-2.50%
0.0002358
-0.21%
0.013076
0.00%
2.1111
0.00%
0.0522
-4.92%
0.01656
0.00%
0.004985
9.46%
0.00029098
153.03%
1.0057
-3.31%
0.00006682
-8.72%
0.00003249
-0.06%
0.00074
0.00%
0.4053
1.20%
0.007362
-1.15%
26.20
-1.61%
0.0770
-1.66%
0.00010000
-14.94%
1.5994
-0.03%
0.03620
-17.80%
0.000003914
-0.33%
0.00000000004446
-8.33%
0.1308
-6.70%
0.0080
-11.11%
3.2111
-92.95%
0.1916
-1.14%
0.1978
-3.84%
0.003986
-5.19%
0.0014
-6.67%
0.6044
-10.50%
0.0541
-8.61%
0.6125
-0.79%
0.0000841
-0.47%
0.0111982
1.07%
0.003858
-8.30%
0.01526
-6.84%
9.434
-3.74%
0.0600
-31.03%
0.005080
-15.47%
0.725
-4.35%
23.35
-8.68%
0.2170
-6.67%
0.2156
-4.52%
0.00000018860
-3.63%
0.000188
10.59%
0.73600
-17.30%
0.02145
-3.64%
0.038208
-19.16%
0.11867
0.35%
0.12198
-14.07%
0.4995
-0.06%
0.9732
-14.55%
0.001563
-7.02%
0.2401
-11.63%
0.001003
-6.52%
0.3042
-13.41%
0.03278
-10.41%
0.7595
-1.78%
0.03836
-21.07%
0.4939
-6.79%
0.6550
-2.34%
0.3992
-1.43%
0.016452
158.07%
0.0005545
-4.03%
0.0139
-2.80%
0.0135
2.27%
0.01782
-6.60%
0.000786
-15.48%
1.123
-5.79%
0.71235
-2.65%
0.04525
-40.73%
0.4226
1.95%
0.0231
0.00%
0.00686
1.78%
0.00000085
-2.30%
0.01185
-0.50%
0.0000259
-0.38%
0.005631
4.57%
0.00000439
-0.23%
0.006515
-2.79%
0.0153
-2.55%
0.00000000011112
-8.35%
0.2900
-3.33%
0.000596
-13.25%
0.000506
-0.20%
92.4999
0.00%
0.00007193
-5.34%
0.00005604
-8.12%
0.0004851
-14.94%
0.001156
-14.56%
1175
9.71%
1.091
-6.43%
0.4200
-1.15%
0.0000262
-13.53%
0.0655
-25.82%
0.005796
-1.16%
0.0001322
-27.80%
0.03687
0.19%
0.2567
0.08%
0.0534
-9.95%
2.5541
-1.06%
0.0766
0.00%
0.02336
-17.37%
0.00006435
3.92%
0.000770
-11.19%
0.0001887
-7.82%
0.03287
0.64%
3.234
-2.59%
0.00094
-23.58%
0.0169
-6.11%
0.00509
-0.59%
0.3589
-6.76%
0.2198
-3.98%
0.000651
-4.82%
0.0001380
-8.00%
0.00179
-6.28%
0.001525
3.04%
4.4003
-0.03%
0.000699
-38.58%
0.000000041629
-0.94%
0.000770
-7.23%
1.0853
-1.33%
0.009228
0.75%
4.515
-5.88%
14.158
-9.60%
0.003212
-8.70%
0.0957
-3.92%
0.00148
-1.99%
11.47
-6.52%
0.00000005470
-18.96%
1.6579
-0.31%
13.69
-5.78%
4.145
-10.46%
0.001754
-8.22%
93.9
-3.40%
0.5033
-6.74%
0.006098
-7.58%
0.00593
-5.72%
0.2183
-3.36%
1.9220
-0.68%
0.05581
-26.71%
0.000506
-15.10%
0.00811
-10.98%
6.701
-3.42%
0.013511
-2.67%
0.0000001345
6.83%
0.04052
-4.30%
0.04084
-0.12%
0.005721
-4.15%
0.004443
-46.49%
0.2539
-5.58%
0.00000003400
9.32%
0.00085
19.72%
4.8501
-1.19%
0.001867
-4.84%
0.0869
-7.16%
0.005293
-20.78%
0.0004200
-22.75%
0.6878
-0.23%
0.002571
-1.15%
0.0000000002227
-4.83%
0.020000
-7.15%
1.959
-2.49%
52.41
-4.03%
0.1619
-8.89%
0.02300
-2.13%
4.112
-4.62%
0.000850
-14.57%
0.1018
-4.95%
0.00000002082
-15.19%
0.4380
-2.04%
0.005870
-19.50%
0.018286
-10.30%
0.000403
-1.47%
0.2867
-5.16%
0.661
-7.03%
312.2
-3.28%
0.2538
-5.40%
0.003000
42.86%
0.002684
-7.16%
0.001825
-19.53%
0.15012
-19.71%
0.0000053
-36.14%
0.001924
-0.88%
0.0004628
-23.06%
0.3097
-5.49%
0.0064959
-0.07%
0.000392
1.29%
0.3047
-5.64%
0.006265
-12.87%
1.232
2.07%
0.000713
-25.18%
0.003033
-1.01%
0.00038976
0.00%
0.000166
-4.60%
0.007782
-5.32%
0.0916
-2.66%
0.01312
-4.44%
0.01096
-16.97%
0.006511
3.30%
0.00141
-14.02%
0.000576
0.35%
0.000523
0.19%
0.0073
0.00%
0.002565
0.67%
11.56
-7.00%
0.0662
-4.20%
0.0000001300
-23.53%
0.002946
-4.20%
3.155
-9.21%
0.3031
2.75%
0.017528
-5.25%
0.003648
0.08%
0.09102
-8.06%
18.49
-1.81%
0.0005349
-20.40%
0.07288
20.42%
0.01402
3.70%
0.01382
-31.72%
1.253
-8.61%
0.0012
0.00%
0.01786
4.57%
0.1402
-5.53%
0.02120
1.92%
0.01415
-32.72%
0.00779
-13.44%
0.0101
-0.98%
0.03125
-5.25%
0.01503
-6.53%
0.00000004587
-4.16%
0.2445
-6.21%
0.001207
9.53%
0.003101
-35.06%
0.844
-4.74%
2.854
-1.25%
0.025041
8.93%
0.00925
-3.55%
0.3297
-6.15%
0.007040
-46.58%
0.000512
61.01%
0.002978
2.27%
2905.87
-1.62%
0.00507
0.80%
0.000542
-17.75%
0.09187
-15.61%
1.230
-6.61%
0.00650
-10.47%
1.0519
-2.94%
0.00798
7.11%
0.001651
-9.83%
0.001560
13.62%
0.0000777
0.13%
0.3538
-9.14%
1.884
-6.64%
0.1747
-12.03%
0.735
-6.49%
0.2010
-2.52%
0.000743
0.54%
0.6244
-4.31%
7.976
-0.70%
20.06
-2.72%
7.2000
15.68%
0.011113
-19.93%
0.000000770
-12.70%
0.00937
-20.05%
0.00631
-4.39%
1.063
-5.76%
9.761
-0.10%
0.05327
-7.47%
0.02343
1.17%
0.00000499
-2.16%
0.005938
-8.67%
1.02712
0.00%
0.00001844
3.77%
0.004584
-13.51%
4.121
-5.57%
0.2664
-0.63%
0.003822
-14.11%
0.0287
-2.38%
0.0000001293
4.02%
0.05800
18.37%
0.065126
-0.74%
0.00528
-16.06%
0.0003209
-3.86%
0.0050419
-0.85%
0.00796
-4.56%
0.0004191
-33.50%
0.0057
0.00%
0.00424501
-12.87%
0.02503
-5.19%
0.05181
-5.16%
0.1230
-5.82%
0.0093
2.20%
2.612
-3.44%
0.08358
-5.10%
0.0000000382
3.80%
2.0565
-4.35%
0.01863
-6.05%
0.00191
-4.98%
18.87
-5.27%
0.001022
-20.47%
0.01890
-6.62%
0.000709
-10.71%
0.0108
3.85%
0.03099
-23.86%
0.004753
-11.24%
0.01267
-17.14%
0.0009091
0.25%
0.000973
-13.13%
0.000976
-21.10%
1.6416
-8.53%
0.3438
-4.92%
0.000000000029
7.41%
0.001483
-16.45%
0.0000000430
-9.28%
0.000362
-39.46%
0.03479
-4.84%
0.0026
4.00%
11.52
4.63%
0.0168
-5.62%
0.00021
-4.55%
0.000001847
-5.48%
0.0385
-5.41%
0.003696
3.36%
0.443
-6.14%
0.4211
-3.15%
34.05
-6.64%
0.010201
-2.90%
6.3759
5.42%
0.633
-5.10%
0.02283
-7.83%
0.1160
-1.94%
0.01662
-12.66%
0.02268
-14.22%
0.000000046
-69.54%
0.000441
0.00%
0.01109
-14.23%
0.0000802
-4.64%
0.000994
-13.72%
0.003561
-16.05%
10.37
-3.71%
0.6055
-4.24%
0.000128
-3.76%
0.3892
-0.18%
0.0719
4.96%
0.005330
-3.58%
0.006488
-13.73%
0.002674
-0.04%
0.0000003009
-15.05%
0.0002291
-11.75%
0.03159
-18.12%
0.003006
-14.60%
0.0000000780
-7.69%
0.01204
-6.38%
0.001868
-10.88%
0.0293
-3.62%
0.000338
9.39%
0.0002726
-12.26%
0.005522
-7.05%
0.1167
-4.89%
0.0158
-8.14%
0.01397
-1.06%
0.08375
-4.14%
0.001234
-28.84%
0.0024700
75.43%
0.01401
-4.17%
0.02599
-2.11%
0.1014
-2.87%
0.3900
-1.02%
0.001599
-8.42%
0.0049947
2.30%
0.00000000090
50.00%
0.0011005
-8.30%
0.004073
-3.64%
1.9882
-3.75%
0.00000076
-15.56%
0.003422
8.12%
0.000034
21.43%
0.0003220
-9.42%
0.007465
-13.94%
0.002394
-7.64%
0.17873
-5.49%
0.1255
-6.27%
6.987
-8.94%
0.00001112
-2.20%
0.0000459
-2.96%
22.45
-3.36%
0.0313
-30.13%
0.0005263
-22.72%
0.0007862
4.66%
0.00283
-10.73%
0.00764
-7.17%
0.0000008513
-3.26%
0.1408
-9.80%
0.2631
-6.44%
0.003777
-7.47%
0.2631
-8.42%
0.00703
-5.64%
0.01644
-11.57%
0.0000000000000200
-6.10%
0.001054
-11.35%
0.1099
-10.58%
0.002835
-13.01%
0.00154
1.32%
0.00000000000004
-42.86%
0.2128
-7.52%
19.53
-0.56%
0.7354
-7.87%
0.017852
-14.53%
7.20
-6.61%
0.01826
-7.50%
0.002625
-10.56%
0.0000118
-25.79%
176.77
-2.52%
0.8879
5.46%
0.00847
-10.84%
0.000933
-3.62%
0.00270
47.54%
0.1238
-5.57%
0.0706
-20.32%
0.004109
-22.71%
0.0994
-9.22%
0.000771
-16.47%
112.50
-2.98%
0.0422
11.05%
0.0666
-5.40%
0.01755
1.09%
0.5224
-6.95%
0.6284
-3.13%
0.001494
-26.22%
0.009401
1.46%
0.857
-3.60%
0.02380
-0.25%
0.7884
-0.15%
0.369
-5.87%
0.000136
-2.86%
0.00028395
-11.38%
0.491
-4.84%
0.001667
6.31%
0.684
-6.56%
1.727
-1.03%
0.03116
-9.29%
0.0000675
-8.66%
0.00950
-8.39%
0.002542
-15.97%
3.637
-0.22%
0.000001607
-10.72%
0.003239
4.28%
0.0005705
-6.14%
0.0000001229
-1.05%
0.00003551
1.46%
0.000000000001000
-85.56%
0.1321
-4.76%
0.000291
-2.35%
18.88
-1.10%
0.0403
-7.99%
0.0579
-7.51%
0.1478
-5.13%
0.00000001231
-6.53%
0.000054
-8.47%
0.0947
-6.79%
0.1609
-3.31%
0.0258
-9.79%
0.5964
-4.50%
22.531
-1.83%
0.0004524
-3.60%
17.0000
6.25%
0.00001045
0.00%
0.04034
-0.91%
0.001800
-27.51%
0.0105
2.94%
0.18038
0.03%
0.0133
3.91%
0.0000021
-27.59%
0.003200
-16.64%
0.0963
-4.56%
0.000260483
-20.26%
0.00008075
-4.06%
0.4583
-3.29%
0.000000627
-4.86%
0.000000002544
-6.26%
8.38
-1.87%
0.0194
-2.51%
0.01058
-71.79%
0.0056
-3.45%
0.00001635
-4.44%
0.000101
0.00%
0.1662
-6.79%
0.00006925
-2.94%
0.00000000000001
0.00%
0.00011606
-1.28%
0.0001500
-11.45%
0.00794
-8.31%
0.000303
-15.83%
0.000689
-2.68%
0.004782
-1.03%
0.0864
-5.57%
0.00016
-20.00%
0.00002726
-9.88%
0.1609
-6.89%
0.00500000
-9.09%
13.18
-5.25%
0.001843
-17.06%
0.926
-1.80%
0.0353
2.92%
0.1193
-4.56%
0.1477
-7.34%
0.1327
-6.09%
0.0304
-5.30%
0.02271
-7.15%
0.00000000000001
0.00%
0.00002551
-2.89%
0.003038
-10.01%
0.3999
-0.03%
0.0352
-6.88%
0.000000000001
0.00%
0.000817
-46.29%
1.920
-0.78%
0.0436
-7.63%
2903.81
0.49%
0.9884
-3.79%
0.00533
6.81%
0.802
-2.20%
0.3544
-1.83%
0.04225
-7.83%
0.5976
-7.46%
4.9751
-9.83%
0.927
-1.80%
0.00487
-18.29%
0.4244
-25.89%
0.0138
-4.17%
0.0939
-5.63%
0.916
-1.82%
1.886
-2.68%
0.000723
-4.37%
0.0000825
50.00%
0.00050
-48.45%
0.0000000000025
-67.11%
0.00101
-22.31%
0.000001835
-1.87%
1.222
-3.25%
0.1188
-6.90%
0.001767
-11.25%
0.07916
-4.28%
0.00720
1.41%
0.000000003238
-5.79%
0.4517
-1.05%
0.0005003
-4.08%
12.92
-5.28%
0.02216
-5.58%
0.00059
-80.78%
0.2334
-9.29%
0.482
-6.95%
0.1238
-0.64%
0.3689
-7.05%
0.000607
-8.45%
49.670
-1.04%
0.000000000000001
0.00%
0.00007
-12.50%
0.0048
0.00%
0.000000000826
9.99%
0.003963
-4.11%
0.001438
-10.46%
0.05977
-6.11%
0.0003358
-4.98%
0.0666
-5.53%
0.00135
-51.79%
0.1070
-0.74%
0.1366
-9.36%
1.0272
-5.67%
0.2963
-4.85%
0.00583
0.17%
0.0606
-4.57%
0.00000000000290
36.15%
0.00000000000015
-16.67%
0.0001500
-55.48%
0.0000000040030
-30.98%
0.06122
-6.41%
0.0005187
-10.04%
0.1512
-6.61%
0.00001533
-8.64%
0.2512
-2.18%
0.0002705
-4.18%
0.09000
-14.29%
0.000001601
-4.65%
0.000035
-7.89%
0.000121
-8.33%
0.004737
-7.04%
0.0829
-9.60%
0.2275
-5.84%
0.25104
-9.46%
0.1040
-0.95%
0.0101
23.17%
0.424
-9.79%
0.3152
-2.20%
0.0211
0.00%
0.000040
-4.76%
0.000000000283
-6.29%
0.000075
-23.47%
0.001541
-3.14%
0.1090
0.00%
0.000000001193
-1.81%
0.0000703
-41.02%
0.0000002636
-2.26%
0.0392
-3.21%
0.001363
-11.61%
0.000000000000001
0.00%
0.000000000230
27.78%
0.8100
-49.38%
0.0005
-50.00%
0.001544
-25.16%
0.00000000000350
12.90%
0.04883
4.67%
0.004811
-4.28%
2.191
-0.32%
0.00000010848
-9.93%
10.94
-3.53%
0.0012
-69.23%
0.0000000266
-1.85%
0.2006
-5.73%
0.012524
-0.01%
1.363
-3.61%
0.00000336
-0.30%
8.00
124.09%
0.01349
-13.97%
0.000000000001079
-2.26%
21.35
-3.87%
0.0003116
-8.68%
2.241
-0.04%
0.000615
-12.52%
0.0000169
-2.31%
0.05540
3.88%
1.741
-3.76%
0.0290
133.87%
0.1260
-4.83%
0.0136
-11.69%
0.001312
-12.47%
0.00000000002096
22.36%
0.0000000235
1.73%
0.0009
0.00%
0.00005722
-3.67%
0.950
-4.43%
0.0014
0.00%
0.000113
-8.87%
0.0005224
-3.69%
0.001810
-0.17%
0.000110
-5.17%
0.012555
-58.29%
0.0385
-1.53%
0.0445
-6.71%
0.01106
0.55%
0.003900
0.00%
0.00223
-7.08%
0.00017
6.25%
0.0014
-6.67%
0.00039
0.00%
0.0001650
-7.82%
0.00000000000140
21.74%
0.000134
0.00%
0.00031
-6.06%
0.0000000000000247
-1.98%
0.000000000000001
0.00%
0.000094
0.00%
0.1175
-2.73%
0.000000000002306
-3.03%
0.0076
-24.00%
0.0000419
0.24%
0.00000000000128
-4.48%
0.000000000016
-15.79%
0.00095
3.26%
0.0004047
-13.95%
0.03159
-2.74%
0.00001
0.00%
0.2327
-5.60%
0.1384
3.98%
0.00000000000941
-3.68%
0.3723
-4.24%
0.000128
-2.29%
0.002665
-12.02%
0.03882
2.45%
0.0754
-3.83%
0.01307
-1.66%
0.001889
-5.17%
0.1450
-0.55%
0.0112
2.75%
0.000000000065
-14.47%
0.05510
-5.38%
0.0001
0.00%
0.000001320
-0.68%
0.1161
-4.13%
0.00000000064
20.75%
0.0540
-3.23%
0.052525
0.00%
0.000000000000001
0.00%
0.0410
2.76%
0.001366
-10.60%
0.0000260
-1.52%
0.00000005751
-5.80%
0.00000504
-7.69%
0.000286
-4.98%
0.0000170
-2.86%
0.02256
-4.41%
0.00085
-3.41%
1.540
-5.58%
0.000000045
-41.56%
0.00000106
-0.93%
0.0917
-4.08%
0.001563
4.76%
1.6435
-1.62%
0.001314
-2.45%
0.00000000000836
0.00%
0.00000000004274
7.25%
0.000000000743
30.81%
23.61
-5.22%
0.00000000002001
-30.21%
0.0000091
-1.09%
0.0174
0.58%
0.1734
16.38%
0.01405
-3.24%
0.000000002163
-1.82%
0.005918
3.03%
0.02504
-3.25%
0.00776
-9.98%
0.00190
-1.04%
0.00000048
-20.00%
0.000000000007
0.00%
0.00758
-6.54%
0.0999
-0.10%
1.464
1.24%
0.002342
-22.66%
0.0000056
0.00%
1.1150
-10.80%
0.000000002100
-4.37%
0.0023
-8.00%
0.00000000009
0.00%
0.00000378
-5.97%
0.1911
-0.05%
0.03921
0.15%
0.0308
-0.96%
0.00000000000056
-8.20%
0.0001450
-3.33%
0.000313
-38.63%
0.0008
14.29%
0.1700
42.02%
0.01994
-3.11%
0.000583
0.00%
0.0832
-50.06%
0.00031
0.00%
0.1300
-1.74%
0.0001
0.00%
0.000244
1.24%
0.00155
0.00%
0.0000161
0.00%
0.0295
0.00%
0.0512
-0.58%
0.008501
7.38%
0.00401
-6.31%
0.000000000962
-0.21%
0.0124
-0.80%
0.0022
-35.29%
0.1008
-1.75%
0.1770
-1.12%
0.00038
2.70%
0.00000196
-48.42%
0.00000000000429
-4.67%
0.005986
-7.31%
0.055500
0.00%
0.00000000313975
-0.09%
0.000045
0.00%
3.968
-2.91%
0.00000008
0.00%
0.001269
2.34%
0.000000002200
10.00%
0.00000000015872
-0.17%
0.0524
-2.60%
0.004655
0.00%
0.00012
-40.00%
0.01953
-27.53%
0.000001
0.00%
0.001080
-5.26%
0.00000000000068
-1.45%
0.002100
-25.00%
0.000000000772
-0.77%
0.0014
-6.67%
0.0000281
-2.43%
0.000004
-33.33%
0.000037
-42.19%
0.000209
2.96%
0.000006
0.00%
0.00150
50.00%
0.00032
0.00%
0.001099
0.00%
0.00121
-3.20%
0.000098
0.00%
0.0013
44.44%
0.0110
22.22%
0.00005
0.00%
0.001050
0.00%
0.0009
50.00%
0.00000011
0.00%
0.0000017
13.33%
0.00001
0.00%
0.000000000040
-11.11%
0.00000006
0.00%
0.000716
0.00%
0.2412
-2.51%
0.1392
-4.79%
0.01816
-4.77%
0.11268
-3.61%
0.04644
0.76%
0.6500
0.00%
0.0003402
-2.66%
0.3221
0.28%
5.572
-4.15%
18.078
-0.78%
0.0008601
0.00%
0.002119
-4.89%
0.14035
0.08%
0.0001705
0.00%
0.0002000
-13.04%
0.07727
-5.63%
5.849
-1.35%
0.0000306
0.00%
0.0001233
-2.53%
0.003241
-6.89%
0.01274
-8.08%
2.0001
0.00%
4.68
-5.07%
0.579
-2.03%
2.000000
0.00%
0.3771
0.00%
0.5732
0.00%
1.679
-6.20%
3.810
-2.61%
0.06890
-1.98%
0.0770
-2.78%
0.000000189
0.00%
0.0000700
0.00%
0.1767
-7.92%
0.7465
-5.34%
0.0001
0.00%
0.0700
0.00%
0.000002630
0.00%
0.00006000
0.00%
0.000220
0.00%
2.5015
0.00%
3.9889
0.00%
0.1118
-5.97%
0.0083
2.47%
0.4424
0.00%
0.1653
-6.19%
0.0669
-4.84%
0.9746
0.00%
0.2412
-1.35%
0.0069
0.00%
1.934
0.00%
0.000999
0.00%
0.0931
-6.05%
0.00921
-5.73%
0.2273
-4.62%
0.0000204
0.00%
0.4239
-5.65%
0.000100
0.00%
0.0150
0.00%
0.1204
0.00%
2.475
-1.00%
1.211
-0.41%
0.000000000001
0.00%
0.00035
0.00%
0.000000036
0.00%
0.0010
0.00%
0.000001026
0.00%
0.026075
0.00%
0.000023
0.00%
0.001793
-0.06%
0.000369
0.00%
0.0063
0.00%
0.0060
0.00%
0.0000002593
0.00%
0.00003000
0.00%
0.00001584
0.00%
0.0000001013
0.00%
0.00048988
0.00%
0.00006187
0.00%
0.000137
0.00%
0.001405
0.00%
0.2339
0.09%
0.000591
2.96%
0.000902
0.00%
0.0001
0.00%
0.0560
0.00%
0.00007588
0.00%
0.000528
-0.75%
0.004025
0.00%
0.00010000
0.00%
0.00000230
0.00%
0.0000000105
0.00%
0.5000
0.00%
0.00000000001680
0.00%
0.001870
0.00%
0.0000000053
0.00%
0.0000000050
0.00%
0.00001700
0.00%
0.000000000500
0.00%
0.000000210
0.00%
0.000317
0.00%
0.1454
0.00%
0.9500
0.00%
0.0025000
0.00%
0.0104
0.00%
0.000405
0.00%
----
0.001290
0.00%
0.00000029
0.00%
0.0000013208
-2.88%
0.000757
0.00%
0.001389
0.00%
0.000178
0.00%
1.6799
0.00%
0.0900
0.00%
0.00000000002387
0.00%
0.00000000000010
0.00%
0.00422
0.00%
0.00003
0.00%
0.0011
0.00%
0.00020
0.00%
0.002900
0.00%
0.00000411
-0.96%
0.00006767
0.00%
0.0120
0.00%
0.00089
0.00%
0.001348
0.00%
0.00167
0.00%
0.0281
0.00%
0.0001000
0.00%
0.000000000072
0.00%
0.05056
0.00%
0.9500
0.00%
0.00390
0.00%
0.001501
0.00%
0.000141
0.00%
0.000024
0.00%
0.000013
0.00%
0.001234
0.00%
0.000229
0.00%
0.00088
0.00%
0.000453
0.00%
0.0066
0.00%
0.0011
0.00%
0.0004
0.00%
0.0007
0.00%
0.0240
0.00%
0.000523
0.00%
0.0030
0.00%
0.031987
0.00%
0.4998
0.00%
0.0000111
0.00%
0.007888
0.00%
0.000363
0.00%
0.0256
0.00%
0.001200
0.00%
0.000333
0.00%
0.00008338
0.00%
0.000383
0.00%
0.00009039
0.00%
0.001000
0.00%
0.0066
0.00%
0.0004
0.00%
0.0786
0.00%
0.001563
0.00%
0.000001
0.00%
0.005500
0.00%
1.6349
0.00%
0.001702
0.00%
0.00000000000995
0.00%
0.000019
0.00%
0.000999
0.00%
0.0300
0.00%
0.0130
0.00%
0.0006
0.00%
65.1101
0.00%
3.7189
0.00%
0.000080
0.00%
0.015000
0.00%
4.1000
0.00%
0.000331
0.00%
0.0489
0.00%
0.0279
0.00%
0.0745
0.00%
0.002647
0.00%
0.001240
0.00%
0.000848
0.00%
0.002101
0.00%
0.3882
0.00%
0.000810
0.00%
0.076250
0.00%
0.0150
0.00%
0.003144
0.00%
0.0752
0.00%
0.009589
0.00%
0.0036
0.00%
0.002699
0.00%
0.1769
0.00%
2.2915
0.00%
0.000091
0.00%
0.000940
0.00%
0.000137
0.00%
0.0004031
0.00%
0.0096
0.00%
0.05505
-0.70%
0.000190
0.00%
0.1488
0.00%
0.004992
0.00%
1.76670591
0.00%
0.0007
0.00%
0.000399
0.00%
0.0001273
0.00%
0.0364
0.00%
0.0000000000260
0.00%
0.0000002054
0.00%
0.6700
0.00%
0.00011
0.00%
0.00001
0.00%
0.00010
0.00%
0.0010
0.00%
0.2888
0.00%
0.00501
0.00%
0.02700
0.00%
0.00395
0.00%
0.0000759
0.00%
0.2298
0.00%
0.0025
0.00%
0.3515
0.00%
0.000650
0.00%
0.4900
0.00%
0.9900
0.00%
0.5000
0.00%
0.009575
0.00%
0.0134
0.00%
0.88686
0.00%
0.00027
0.00%
0.00739
-0.81%
0.00005
0.00%
0.00037
0.00%
0.00003444
0.00%
0.0000325
0.00%
1.1760
0.00%
0.01463
0.00%
0.01541
-3.57%
0.0000142
-2.07%
0.00901
0.00%
0.4606
0.00%
0.002005
0.00%
0.00012
0.00%
0.0000032
0.00%
0.00000000131
0.00%
0.01200
0.00%
0.000001000
0.00%
0.00396
0.00%
0.00002337
0.00%
0.0000008
0.00%
1.3260
0.75%
0.01300
0.00%
0.00300
0.00%
0.0000334
0.00%
0.0000320
0.00%
0.015001
0.00%
0.00450
0.00%
0.34126
0.00%
0.00515
0.00%
0.0000080
0.00%
0.1993
0.00%
0.000688
0.00%
0.00227
0.00%
0.00058
0.00%
0.03520
0.00%
2.9000
0.00%
0.0000031
0.00%
0.000000005
0.00%
0.000658
0.00%
0.01200
0.00%
0.001020
0.00%
0.0000155
0.00%
0.00082
0.00%
0.0007240
0.00%
0.00003
0.00%
0.00200
0.00%
0.00000016739
0.00%
0.000021
0.00%
0.0001000
0.00%
0.000810
0.00%
0.0307
0.00%
0.3186
0.00%
0.000501
0.00%
0.00073
0.00%
0.00035000
0.00%
0.012713
0.00%
0.000000077
0.00%
0.00730
0.00%
0.0001402
0.00%
0.0900
0.00%
0.00006
0.00%
0.0001
0.00%
0.001029
0.00%
0.01000
0.00%
0.00201
0.00%
0.006003
0.00%
0.0001
0.00%
50.60
0.00%
0.18
0.00%
0.0000269
0.00%
0.0000996
0.00%
0.0000000500
0.00%
0.0000001300
0.00%
0.001567
0.00%
0.000104
-10.34%
0.0000001
0.00%
0.0000001
0.00%
0.000000000245
0.00%
0.000426832
0.00%
0.00000013
0.00%
0.00005889
0.00%
0.17800
0.00%
0.0000000020
0.00%
0.0000000000001
0.00%
0.00014
0.00%
0.5445
0.00%
0.0000141
0.00%
0.000000000000001
0.00%
0.000000000000001
0.00%
0.0001490
0.00%
0.000000000000001
0.00%
0.00000000000001
0.00%
0.000000000000001
0.00%
0.00000000000000056
0.00%
0.00075
0.00%
0.00000000010
0.00%
0.00002000
0.00%
0.00000000000084
0.00%
0.000600
0.00%
0.000000000000001
0.00%
0.000000000000001
0.00%
0.0000000000012
0.00%
0.00000000000005
0.00%
0.00423
0.00%
0.000000000000001
0.00%
0.000043
0.00%
0.00000000000010
0.00%
0.003400
0.00%
0.0000786
0.00%
0.00300
0.00%
0.00102014
0.00%
0.00000071
0.00%
0.000032
0.00%
0.01334
0.00%
0.250
0.00%
0.5153
-1.92%
0.853
-2.07%
0.0249
0.00%
0.7441
0.00%
0.1395
-5.17%
0.6352
-1.81%
0.00500
0.00%
0.0022
0.00%
0.00538
0.00%
0.03570
-1.79%
0.7295
-1.47%
0.000000000981
0.00%
0.0015
0.00%
4601.03
0.00%
0.0091
0.00%
0.529
-4.51%