In the realm of computing, there's a term known as "latency," which denotes the interval between issuing a command and receiving a response. This concept pervades every aspect, from the speed at which our keystrokes appear on screen to the journey time of data across global networks. In the nascent world of cryptocurrencies, latency takes on a dual role, impacting both the efficiency of blockchain networks and the competitive edge of exchanges in a dynamically shifting market.

Envision paying for your coffee with cryptocurrency; the pause between tapping confirm and the vendor receiving payment confirmation illustrates blockchain network latency. This period encompasses your transaction being accepted by the network and initially confirmed, solidifying further with each added block. For a payment system aspiring for mainstream adoption, minimal latency is crucial. A lengthy wait post-payment for transaction verification would undoubtedly frustrate users.

On the other hand, within the arena of cryptocurrency exchanges, latency is intertwined with the speed at which exchanges process a deluge of orders. Many traders rely on automated bots to execute buy and sell orders rapidly, capable of submitting or retracting tens of thousands in seconds. Here, an exchange with low latency and high throughput becomes paramount, promptly reacting to ensure bot commands transact instantly, capitalizing on every subtle market fluctuation. Conversely, high latency at an exchange leads to order execution lagging behind real-time price shifts, resulting in trades at outdated prices or missed optimal opportunities – a substantial drawback for day traders seeking profit in milliseconds.

To illustrate, if Bitcoin’s value suddenly surges, an exchange with low latency enables trading bots to execute buy orders at the crest of the rise, whereas a high-latency exchange may process similar instructions after Bitcoin's price has already corrected, thereby diminishing traders' anticipated gains.

Thus, for blockchain networks striving for frictionless payment experiences and exchanges battling in a fierce market, reducing latency is central to enhancing user satisfaction and market competitiveness. Achieving this necessitates not just technological innovation, such as adopting more efficient consensus algorithms and optimizing network routing, but also investing in infrastructure, like deploying globally distributed servers to minimize data transmission distances and expedite response times. In this era where speed reigns supreme, every millisecond of optimization can unlock new possibilities.